Learn Romanian: Ce anotimp este acum? - What season is it now?

English uses "it" as a dummy subject for things like time, weather, and seasons (What season is it). Romanian doesn't use a pronoun here at all! You just use the verb este (is) on its own.

Does ce mean "what" or "which" in this context?

Ce literally means "what", but when you put it directly in front of a noun like anotimp, it translates to "what" or "which". Romanian doesn't make a strict distinction here, so ce anotimp covers both.

I see the word timp inside anotimp. Is that on purpose?

Yes! The word anotimp (season) is made of an (year) and timp (time). It literally translates to "time of the year", making it a very easy word to remember.

Can I use e instead of este here?

Absolutely. In everyday spoken Romanian, este is frequently shortened to e. Saying Ce anotimp e acum? is very common and completely correct.