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### The Vocative Case

When you speak directly to someone—to call their name, use their title, or use a term of endearment—Romanian uses a special noun form called the **vocative case**.

### Masculine Vocative (-ule)

For most masculine nouns, form the vocative by replacing the definite **-ul** ending with **-ule**.

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### Feminine Vocative (-o and -ă)

Feminine nouns have two main vocative patterns. Casual nouns and terms of endearment replace their final vowel with **-o**.

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Polite or formal feminine titles do not use **-o**. Instead, they keep their standard indefinite ending **-ă**.

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### Formal Titles for Men

To address a man respectfully using his profession or rank, use **domnule** (the vocative of *domn*, meaning "sir" or "Mr.") followed by his title. 

The title itself stays in its standard, indefinite form—do not add **-ule** to the profession when **domnule** is already there doing the work.

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### The Plural Vocative

When addressing a group, the plural vocative for both masculine and feminine nouns simply uses the ending **-lor**.

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The vocative case (domnule, băiețelule...)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the miss / the young lady	domnișoara
Excuse me, miss, can you help me?	Scuzați-mă, domnișoară, mă puteți ajuta?
the waiter	ospătarul
Waiter, can you bring the menu, please?	Ospătarule, puteți aduce meniul, vă rog?
the little boy	băiețelul
Little boy, where are you going?	Băiețelule, unde mergi?
the little girl	fetița
Little girl, what are you looking for here?	Fetițo, ce cauți aici?
the captain	căpitanul
Captain, we cannot see anything!	Domnule căpitan, nu putem vedea nimic!
the inspector	inspectorul
the patient	pacientul
Mr. Inspector, the patient is not here.	Domnule inspector, pacientul nu este aici.
the champion	campionul
Champion, whose is this ball?	Campionule, a cui este această minge?
Miss, the waiter is coming immediately.	Domnișoară, ospătarul vine imediat.
the girlfriend	iubita
My love, I know that you are tired.	Iubito, știu că ești obosită.
the boyfriend	iubitul
My love, do you want to drink tea?	Iubitule, vrei să bei ceai?
Doctor, the patient is upstairs.	Domnule doctor, pacientul este sus.
Girls, where is the little boy?	Fetelor, unde este băiețelul?
You can win, champion!	Poți câștiga, campionule!
The inspector thinks that the little girl is here.	Inspectorul crede că fetița este aici.
My love, this apartment is expensive.	Iubitule, acest apartament este scump.
My love, where is the coffee?	Iubito, unde este cafeaua?
Are you telling the truth, captain?	Spuneți adevărul, domnule căpitan?
dear (formal: Stimate domnule / Stimată doamnă)	stimat
Dear Director, thank you for the answer.	Stimate domnule director, mulțumesc pentru răspuns.
Dear Madam, I am sending you the document.	Stimată doamnă, vă trimit documentul.
hugs (closing a letter)	te îmbrățișez
See you soon! Hugs, Ana.	Pe curând! Te îmbrățișez, Ana.
Thanks for the letter. Hugs!	Mulțumesc pentru scrisoare. Te îmbrățișez!

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