Ordering and closing an argument
You already open a list of reasons with în primul rând. The next reason comes with în al doilea rând (secondly), built on al doilea (the second). În concluzie closes the argument.
From cause to result
În consecință (consequently) opens the result, just like prin urmare. Both sound a little formal. In conversation Romanians usually say așa că.
Saying it another way
Cu alte cuvinte (in other words) restates what was just said. Mai exact (more precisely) narrows it down.
Even so, in any case
Cu toate acestea (even so) points back to what was just said, usually at the start of the next sentence. Compare cu toate că (even though), which opens a clause inside the same sentence. Totuși says the same thing as cu toate acestea in a lighter, everyday way.
| pattern | example |
|---|
| cu toate că + clause | Cu toate că era obosit, a lucrat. |
| sentence + Cu toate acestea, … | Era foarte obosit. Cu toate acestea, a lucrat. |
În orice caz (in any case) means whatever happens, and moves the conversation on.
Examples, conditions and limits
În special singles one thing out. Cum ar fi (literally how it would be) introduces a list of examples. În cazul în care is a more formal dacă, and până ce is another way to say până când (until).
The way, so that
Așa cum means the way or as: așa cum știi (as you know). Pentru ca … să (so that) is the formal partner of ca să, and the subject usually comes between the two parts. Watch the spelling: pentru ca (so that) ends in a plain a. Pentru că, with ă, means because.
