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### A Walk in the Orchard

Let's explore the orchard (**livada**). In Romanian, a fruit-bearing tree has its own specific word: **pomul**. This is distinct from a general, non-fruit-bearing tree (**copacul**). 

To contrast things, use the masculine plural pronouns **unii** (some) and **alții** (others):

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In the spring, branches are filled with buds (**mugurele**).

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### Protecting the Trees

Growers must regularly spray (**a stropi**) the young trees to protect them from pests (**dăunătorul**).

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### Ripeness and Reasons

Eventually, the trees will bear fruit (**a rodi**). Produce is described as either ripe (**copt**) or unripe (**crud** — which literally translates to "raw").

To express "since" or "seeing that" to explain a situation, use the conjunction phrases **din moment ce** or **de vreme ce**.

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### The Harvest

Once the fruit is ripe, it is time to pick (**a culege**) it. 

To describe finishing an action, use the verb **a termina**, the preposition **de**, and the supine form of the action verb (which looks just like the past participle). For example, "finished picking" is **a terminat de cules**.

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In the Orchard

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the orchard	livada
Some people work, others walk through the orchard.	Unii oameni lucrează, alții se plimbă prin livadă.
the bud	mugurele
Some buds are small, others are big.	Unii muguri sunt mici, alții sunt mari.
the fruit tree	pomul
In the spring, every fruit tree is full of buds.	Primăvara, fiecare pom este plin de muguri.
to spray (with drops)	stropi
Grandma continues to spray the young fruit trees.	Bunica continuă să stropească pomii tineri.
We must spray the orchard early.	Trebuie să stropim livada devreme.
the pest	dăunătorul
This pest destroys the root and the stem.	Acest dăunător distruge rădăcina și tulpina.
to bear fruit	rodi
The fruit tree must bear fruit again next year.	Pomul trebuie să rodească din nou anul viitor.
Since it has borne fruit, we have sweet peaches.	Din moment ce a rodit, avem piersici dulci.
ripe	copt
The red apple is very ripe.	Mărul roșu este foarte copt.
We want to eat a ripe fruit.	Vrem să mâncăm un fruct copt.
unripe	crud
Do not eat those plums, they are still unripe.	Nu mânca acele prune, sunt încă crude.
to pick	culege
Seeing that the apples are unripe, Elena does not pick them.	De vreme ce merele sunt crude, Elena nu le culege.
Some grapes are ripe, others are unripe.	Unii struguri sunt copți, alții sunt cruzi.
Ion has finished picking the cherries today.	Ion a terminat de cules cireșele astăzi.
Radu, help me pick the pears.	Radu, ajută-mă să culeg perele.
abundant	abundent
Fortunately, we have an abundant harvest.	Din fericire, avem o recoltă abundentă.
Seeing that the harvest is abundant, we are happy.	De vreme ce recolta este abundentă, suntem fericiți.
Some fruit trees are young, others are old.	Unii pomi sunt tineri, alții sunt bătrâni.
Do you want to walk through the orchard?	Vrei să te plimbi prin livadă?
Since you are here, look at this pest.	Din moment ce ești aici, uită-te la acest dăunător.

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