Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Just as you can front direct objects for emphasis, you can do the same with indirect objects (the receiver or beneficiary of an action). Moving the indirect object to the very front of the sentence is highly common when comparing actions done for different people or animals: "To the hamster, I gave hay."

### The Dative Resumption Rule

Whenever you move an indirect object to the beginning of the sentence, Romanian grammar requires you to "resume" it. You must add the unstressed dative pronoun (clitic) right in front of the verb to refer back to that fronted noun.

For a third-person singular noun in the dative case (like *hamsterului* or *pisicii*), the pronoun used depends on the starting letter of the verb that follows.

### Before Vowels and the Past Tense: i-

If the following word starts with a vowel, such as the auxiliary verb *am* in the past tense (*perfect compus*), the dative pronoun attaches directly to it as **i-**.

{{item:1144505}}

{{item:1144508}}

{{item:1144515}}

### Before Consonants: îi

When the verb starts with a consonant—which is very common in the present and imperfect tenses—the dative pronoun takes its full form, **îi**, and sits directly in front of the verb.

{{item:1144510}}

{{item:1144512}}

{{item:1144521}}

Fronting indirect objects (Veterinarului i-am arătat)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the veterinarian	veterinarul
the parrot	papagalul
I showed the parrot to the veterinarian.	Veterinarului i-am arătat papagalul.
the hamster	hamsterul
the cage	cușca
I cleaned the cage for the hamster so he can sleep well.	Hamsterului i-am curățat cușca ca să doarmă bine.
the treat	recompensa
I usually offer a treat to the parrot in the cage.	Papagalului îi ofer de obicei o recompensă în cușcă.
the hay	fânul
I used to put hay for the hamster in the morning.	Hamsterului îi puneam fân dimineața.
the can	conserva
the bowl	bolul
I emptied the can into the bowl for the cat.	Pisicii i-am golit conserva în bol.
the leash	lesa
to pet	mângâia
I attached the leash to the dog and petted him.	Câinelui i-am pus lesa și l-am mângâiat.
I paid the bill to the veterinarian.	Veterinarului i-am plătit factura.
I offered the leash to the girl so she can pet the dog.	Fetei i-am oferit lesa ca să mângâie câinele.
I often used to open cans for the cat as a treat.	Pisicii îi deschideam adesea conserve ca recompensă.
I used to choose a clean bowl for the rabbit.	Iepurelui îi alegeam un bol curat.
I used to bring the hay to the horse every day.	Calului îi aduceam fânul zi de zi.