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### The "-ește" Suffix

While many Romanian adjectives can be used exactly as they are to form adverbs, there is another very common way to describe *how* an action is performed: the **-ește** suffix. 

When added to certain nouns or adjectives, **-ește** creates an adverb of manner that means "in the manner of" or "like a...". For example, behaving like a child (*copil*) becomes **copilărește** (childishly), and acting like a friend (*prieten*) becomes **prietenește** (amicably).

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### Speaking Languages

One of the most frequent uses of the **-ește** suffix is with nationalities to describe speaking, reading, or writing in a particular language. Instead of saying "I speak the English language," a Romanian will often literally say "I speak English-ly" (**englezește**).

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### Classes and Traits

You will also see this suffix used to describe living, eating, or acting like a specific group of people (such as students), or to express extreme states and fundamental human traits.

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Adverbs of manner (-ește)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
to behave	se comporta
childishly	copilărește
He is behaving very childishly today.	El se comportă foarte copilărește astăzi.
He didn't behave childishly, but was serious.	Nu s-a comportat copilărește, ci a fost serios.
amicably	prietenește
I spoke amicably with your brother.	Am vorbit prietenește cu fratele tău.
manly	bărbătește
You must accept the situation like a man.	Trebuie să accepți situația bărbătește.
in English	englezește
He greeted me amicably and spoke to me in English.	M-a salutat prietenește și mi-a vorbit englezește.
in French	franțuzește
No female student writes in French at this course.	Nicio studentă nu scrie franțuzește la acest curs.
He answered in French, not in English.	A răspuns franțuzește, nu englezește.
humanly	omenește
It is human to make mistakes.	Este omenește să greșești.
like a student	studențește
They live together and live like students.	Ei locuiesc împreună și trăiesc studențește.
crazy	nebun
madly	nebunește
That crazy man behaved madly.	Acel bărbat nebun s-a comportat nebunește.
He loves his wife madly.	O iubește nebunește pe soția sa.
He accepted the decision like a man, although it was hard.	A acceptat decizia bărbătește, deși a fost greu.
We eat like students in the dorm room.	Noi mâncăm studențește în camera de cămin.
It is not humanly possible to read all the books.	Nu este omenește posibil să citiți toate cărțile.
You are crazy if you want to work there.	Ești nebun dacă vrei să lucrezi acolo.
We spoke in Romanian, and he answered in English.	Noi am vorbit românește, iar el a răspuns englezește.