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### Painting a Picture with Gerunds

In Romanian, the gerund (words usually ending in **-ând** or **-ind**, similar to the English "-ing") is typically an invariable verb form. However, when you want to describe an ongoing state to create poetic or vivid imagery, the gerund can act just like an adjective.

Unlike standard gerunds, these *adjectival gerunds* (Gerunziul acordat) must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. 

For masculine and neuter singular nouns, the adjectival gerund looks exactly like the standard base gerund.

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### Feminine Singular Agreement

To describe a feminine singular noun, you simply add the standard feminine adjective ending **-ă** to the base gerund, resulting in **-ândă** or **-indă**.

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### Plural Forms

When describing plural nouns, the adjectival gerund changes its ending to match both gender and number:

- **Feminine and Neuter Plural:** Add **-e** to the base gerund, resulting in **-ânde** or **-inde**.
- **Masculine Plural:** Add **-i**. Notice that the final **d** in the gerund changes to a **z** when the **-i** is added, resulting in **-ânzi** or **-inzi**.

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Adjectival gerunds

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
to steam	aburi
I raised the steaming cup of coffee.	Am ridicat ceașca aburindă de cafea.
That steaming soup is for you.	Acea supă aburindă este pentru tine.
the flame	flacăra
to burn	arde
Do not touch this burning flame!	Nu atinge această flacără arzândă!
The burning flame actually scared him.	Flacăra arzândă chiar l-a speriat.
the ash	cenușa
to smolder / to smoke (emit smoke)	fumega
The smoldering ash remained on the ground.	Cenușa fumegândă a rămas pe pământ.
Don't throw this ash here!	Nu arunca cenușa asta aici!
I saw a smoldering ruin far away.	Am văzut o ruină fumegândă departe.
the gaze / the look	privirea
to smile gently	surâde
She answered me with a smiling gaze.	Ea mi-a răspuns cu o privire surâzândă.
The suffering woman has a sad gaze.	Femeia suferindă are o privire tristă.
I helped a suffering child.	Am ajutat un copil suferind.
to weep	lăcrima
The boy hid his weeping eyes.	Băiatul și-a ascuns ochii lăcrimânzi.
Don't hide your weeping gaze from me!	Nu-mi ascunde privirea lăcrimândă!
The suffering patient asked for water.	Pacientul suferind a cerut apă.
I heard trembling voices behind the door.	Am auzit voci tremurânde în spatele ușii.
to murmur	murmura
The murmuring water of the river seems quiet.	Apa murmurândă a râului pare liniștită.
Children, do not touch the burning flames!	Copii, nu atingeți flăcările arzânde!
The murmuring wind seems strange.	Vântul murmurând pare ciudat.
The smiling girl is reading a fascinating story.	Fata surâzândă citește o poveste fascinantă.
to moan / to groan	geme
The groaning victim is at the hospital.	Victima gemândă este la spital.
The groaning old men are waiting for the ambulance.	Bătrânii gemânzi așteaptă ambulanța.