Learn Portuguese (Portugal): Ele pergunta outra vez.

pergunta is in the present tense ("he asks"). To make it past tense, you drop the "-ar" from the infinitive verb perguntar and add "-ou" for the ele form. So, "He asked again" would be Ele perguntou outra vez.

Literally translated, what does outra vez mean?

Literally, outra means "another" and vez means "time" (as in an occurrence or instance). Portuguese speakers say "another time" to express the concept of "again".

Why is it outra ending in an "a" instead of outro?

The word vez is a feminine noun. Words that describe a noun have to match its gender, so we use the feminine form outra instead of the masculine outro.

Can I use vez to ask what time it is on a clock?

No, vez is only used for instances, turns, or occurrences (like "one time" or "another time"). To talk about the time on a clock, you would use the word horas.