Learn Portuguese (Portugal): Quanto vinho temos nós?

Quanto (how much / how many) works just like the words you are learning in this lesson (muito and pouco). It has to match the gender and number of the noun it describes. Since vinho (wine) is a masculine, singular word, we use the masculine, singular form Quanto. If you were asking about water (água), which is feminine, you would ask Quanta água.

How would I answer this question using "a lot" or "a little"?

You would say muito vinho (a lot of wine) or pouco vinho (a little wine). Because vinho is masculine and singular, you must use the matching masculine, singular forms muito and pouco, rather than their feminine or plural versions (muita, poucos, etc.).

Why is the word nós at the very end of the sentence?

In Portuguese questions, it is very common to invert the word order and put the subject pronoun (like nós) after the verb, or even at the very end of the sentence. However, you could also put it before the verb: Quanto vinho nós temos?

Do we actually need to include the word nós here?