Learn Portuguese (Portugal): A professora previu o problema.

The verb prever (to foresee) is based on the irregular verb ver (to see). In the simple past tense, the "he/she/it" form of ver is viu. Because prever just adds the prefix pre-, it follows the exact same pattern and becomes previu. It is very common for learners to mistakenly say preveu by treating it like a regular verb (like bebeu), so watch out for this!

Are there other verbs in Portuguese that follow this same pattern?

Yes! Any verb built from ver will conjugate exactly the same way. For example, rever (to review or see again) becomes reviu, and antever (to foresee or anticipate) becomes anteviu.

Why does the sentence use o problema instead of a problema?

Although most Portuguese words ending in -a are feminine, problema is a famous exception. Words of Greek origin ending in -ma are masculine. You have likely already met others like o programa (the program), o sistema (the system), and o clima (the climate).