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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Feelings as collocations

European Portuguese builds many everyday feelings not from adjectives but from **ter** or **estar** plus a noun. You already know the pattern from *ter fome* — here is the B1 family.

| collocation | meaning |
|---|---|
| **ter pena de** | to feel sorry for, to regret |
| **ter vergonha** (de) | to be ashamed, embarrassed |
| **ter orgulho em** | to be proud of |
| **estar farto de** | to be fed up with |

{{item:1029299}}

### Prepositions are part of the unit

Each collocation keeps its own preposition: pena **de**, vergonha **de**, orgulho **em**, farto **de**. With the emotion subjunctive you just learned, the noun can open a clause: {{item:1029300}}

### apaixonado, louco, a calma

**apaixonado por** — in love with. **louco** — crazy; *louco de alegria* is crazy with joy. **a calma** — calm; *Tem calma!* is the everyday "take it easy", and *com calma* means calmly.


Sentimentos (ter pena, ter vergonha)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
in love	apaixonado
He is in love with his neighbour.	Ele está apaixonado pela vizinha.
I am in love with you.	Estou apaixonada por ti.
to feel sorry (for), to regret	ter pena de
I feel sorry for the sick cat.	Tenho pena do gato doente.
I am sorry that you are not coming.	Tenho pena que não venhas.
to be ashamed, to be embarrassed	ter vergonha
She is embarrassed to sing here.	Ela tem vergonha de cantar aqui.
He is ashamed of his mistake.	Ele tem vergonha do seu erro.
to be proud of	ter orgulho em
I am very proud of you.	Tenho muito orgulho em ti.
We are proud of our work.	Temos orgulho no nosso trabalho.
to be fed up with	estar farto de
I am fed up with waiting.	Estou farto de esperar.
She is fed up with this noise.	Ela está farta deste barulho.
crazy, mad	louco
The man is crazy.	O homem está louco.
You go crazy with joy when you win.	Ficas louco de alegria quando ganhas.
the calm (ter calma = to stay calm)	a calma
Take it easy!	Tem calma!
She answers calmly.	Ela responde com calma.

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