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Portuguese (Portugal)

### "The One" and "The Ones"

In English, we say "the one" or "the ones" to avoid repeating a noun (e.g., "I like these cherries, but prefer *the ones* from here"). In Portuguese, simply use the definite article (**o**, **a**, **os**, or **as**) that matches the gender and number of the noun you are replacing.

### Article + *de*

To describe where something is from, place the matching article directly before the preposition **de**. Remember that **de** often contracts with the word that follows (e.g., **do**, **da**, **desta**).

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### Article + *que*

Similarly, place the matching article before the relative pronoun **que** to mean "the one that" or "the ones that".

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### Matching Gender and Number

Always match the noun's gender and number. For masculine plural nouns, use **os de** and **os que**:

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When referring to a singular or uncountable noun, use **o** or **a**:

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Replacing nouns with articles (o de, a que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the cherry	a cereja
The red cherries are good, but the ones from this region are better.	As cerejas vermelhas são boas, mas as desta região são melhores.
Since you brought cherries, I will eat the ones that are ripe.	Visto que trouxeste cerejas, vou comer as que estão maduras.
the peach	o pêssego
I like these peaches, but I prefer the ones from the south.	Gosto destes pêssegos, mas prefiro os do sul.
He ate not only all the peaches, but also the ones that I bought.	Ele comeu não só todos os pêssegos, mas também os que eu comprei.
the almond	a amêndoa
We have roasted almonds and the ones from yesterday.	Temos amêndoas assadas e as de ontem.
I ate all the almonds, except the ones that are here.	Comi todas as amêndoas, exceto as que estão aqui.
the walnut	a noz
The walnuts from the supermarket are expensive, so we eat the ones from the farm.	As nozes do supermercado são caras, por isso comemos as da quinta.
Given that you like walnuts, I bought the ones that you love.	Dado que gostas de nozes, comprei as que tu adoras.
the chestnut	a castanha
The hot chestnuts are ready, especially the ones from the oven.	As castanhas quentes estão prontas, especialmente as do forno.
These chestnuts are large, but the ones that are roasted are smaller.	Estas castanhas são grandes, mas as que estão assadas são menores.
the fig	o figo
We have fresh figs and the ones from last year.	Temos figos frescos e os do ano passado.
Not only the green fig is tasty, but also the one that is dried.	Não só o figo verde é saboroso, como também o que está seco.
the pear	a pera
The pears here are ripe, but I bought the ones from the market.	As peras daqui são maduras, mas comprei as do mercado.
Since he ate all the pears, only the one that fell is left.	Já que ele comeu todas as peras, só sobrou a que caiu.
the melon	o melão
I want this melon, not the one that is open.	Quero este melão, não o que está aberto.
The melons from the south are good, but the ones from the north are excellent.	Os melões do sul são bons, mas os do norte são ótimos.
the pumpkin	a abóbora
I bought this pumpkin, because the one from the garden was rotten.	Comprei esta abóbora, porque a da horta estava podre.
She roasted all the pumpkins, even the ones that were frozen.	Ela assou todas as abóboras, até as que estavam congeladas.
the honey	o mel
The honey from the supermarket is cheap, but the one from the farmer is natural.	O mel do supermercado é barato, mas o do agricultor é natural.
We sell a lot of honey, especially the one that you buy.	Vendemos muito mel, especialmente o que tu compras.