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Portuguese (Portugal)

### The Pronoun Magnet Rule

In Portuguese, object pronouns normally attach to the end of an infinitive verb with a hyphen (for example, *proteger-me*). However, certain prepositions act as "magnets," pulling the pronoun so that it sits *before* the verb.

When an infinitive is directly preceded by prepositions like **para** (to/in order to), **por** (for/because of), or **até** (until), the pronoun is drawn to the space between the preposition and the infinitive.

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### Direct Object Pronouns

This magnetic pull happens regardless of the pronoun type. When a direct object pronoun (*o, a, os, as*) is pulled forward, it stands alone as a separate word before the verb.

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### The Preposition Sem

The preposition **sem** (without) is another strong pronoun magnet. Just like the others, it pulls reflexives, direct objects, and indirect objects alike.

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### Bringing It Together

Whether dealing with *para*, *por*, *sem*, or *até*, the grammar rule remains exactly the same: `Preposition` + `Pronoun` + `Infinitive`. Here are a few final examples to lock in the pattern.

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Pronouns with prepositional infinitives (para me, sem se)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the data	os dados
He used the software to steal the sensitive data from me.	Ele usou o software para me roubar os dados sensíveis.
the protection	a proteção
They updated the protection to protect the data for me.	Eles atualizaram a proteção para me proteger os dados.
to encrypt	encriptar
the cyberattack	o ciberataque
The first step is to encrypt the message for fearing a cyberattack.	O primeiro passo é encriptar a mensagem por se recear um ciberataque.
During the cyberattack, the network was disconnected until encrypting everything.	Durante o ciberataque, a rede foi desligada até se encriptar tudo.
malicious	malicioso
the breach	a brecha
It is a matter of a malicious file, and he took advantage of the breach to send it.	Trata-se de um ficheiro malicioso, e ele aproveitou a brecha para o enviar.
The malicious virus entered for ignoring the second breach.	O vírus malicioso entrou por se ignorar a segunda brecha.
to compromise	comprometer
The cyberattack ended up compromising his protection.	O ciberataque acabou por lhe comprometer a proteção.
They shared the secret without compromising themselves.	Eles partilharam o segredo sem se comprometer.
to access	aceder a
We used to have a strong network, but the thief discovered the breach to access it.	Nós tínhamos uma rede forte, mas o ladrão descobriu a brecha para lhe aceder.
He tried to access the sensitive file without asking me.	Ele tentou aceder ao ficheiro sensível sem me perguntar.
the authentication	a autenticação
The third step was to demand the authentication to protect them.	O terceiro passo foi exigir a autenticação para os proteger.
The new authentication is being tested until confirming the security.	A nova autenticação está a ser testada até se confirmar a segurança.
the antivirus	o antivírus
the vulnerability	a vulnerabilidade
We are updating the antivirus to protect you from the vulnerability.	Estamos a atualizar o antivírus para te proteger da vulnerabilidade.
the cybercriminal	o cibercriminoso
The cybercriminal wants to use the vulnerability without revealing himself.	O cibercriminoso quer usar a vulnerabilidade sem se revelar.
Although the antivirus is super-fast, thank you for warning us about the cybercriminal.	Embora o antivírus seja super-rápido, obrigado por nos avisares sobre o cibercriminoso.
If the cybercriminal sees the system, he will not stop until he destroys it.	Se o cibercriminoso vir o sistema, não vai parar até o destruir.