Pronoun placement with gerunds

Fashion trends are always evolving. To describe ongoing situations, Portuguese uses an auxiliary verb (like estar or andar) followed by the preposition a and an infinitive. To describe something developing gradually, it pairs the auxiliary ir with a gerund (ending in -ando, -endo, or -indo). When using object pronouns with these verbal complexes, their placement depends on the type of sentence.

Pronouns in Affirmative Sentences

In affirmative sentences, you have two choices for object pronouns. You can attach them to the end of the main verb with a hyphen:

Denim fashion is becoming more comfortable.
A moda de ganga está a tornar-se mais confortável.

Or, you can attach them directly to the auxiliary verb:

This style is becoming very popular now.
Este estilo está-se a tornar muito popular agora.

Direct Objects and Infinitives

Attaching a direct object pronoun (o, a, os, as) to the end of an infinitive triggers a spelling change: the final -r drops, the pronoun gains an l (-lo, -la, -los, -las), and the verb's final vowel takes an accent (like or ).

The wardrobe is old-fashioned, but the trend is transforming it.
O guarda-roupa é antiquado, mas a tendência está a transformá-lo.
I need the accessories. Are you looking for them?
Eu preciso dos acessórios. Estás a procurá-los?

Trigger Words

Negative words (like não, nunca, or ninguém) act as magnets. They force the pronoun to jump immediately before the auxiliary verb, without a hyphen.

Nobody is buying them tight clothes with this pattern.
Ninguém lhes está a comprar roupa apertada com este padrão.
I think that the tight trousers are ugly, so nobody is wearing them.
Acho que as calças apertadas são feias, por isso ninguém as está a usar.

You can see both the affirmative and negative rules at work when contrasting two different clauses. Notice how the pronoun attaches to the auxiliary in the affirmative half, but jumps in front of it after the negative trigger word:

The fabric is gradually adapting, but the style is not gradually becoming popular.
O tecido vai-se adaptando, mas o estilo não se vai tornando popular.