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Portuguese (Portugal)

When exploring your options at a car dealership, you might want to ask about "another model," "a similar vehicle," or "such a car." In English, we naturally use the indefinite articles "a" or "an" in all of these phrases. In Portuguese, however, you must **omit** the indefinite article (*um*, *uma*, *uns*, *umas*) when using four specific words: *outro*, *semelhante*, *tal*, and *certo*.

### *Outro* (Another)

Because the English word "another" literally contains the word "an", it is very tempting to translate it as *um outro*. However, in standard European Portuguese, *outro* (and its feminine form *outra*) stands completely on its own. You must drop the *um* or *uma*.

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### *Semelhante* (A similar) and *Tal* (Such a)

The same omission rule applies when using *semelhante* (similar) and *tal* (such). Where English says "a similar vehicle" or "such a suspension", Portuguese simply says "similar vehicle" (*viatura semelhante*) and "such suspension" (*tal suspensão*).

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### *Certo* (A certain)

Finally, when you use *certo* or *certa* before a noun to mean "a certain" (referring to a specific, though often unnamed, thing), you also leave out the indefinite article.

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Omission of articles before specific determiners (outro, tal, certo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the dealership	o concessionário
sporty	desportivo
The dealership probably has another sporty model.	Provavelmente o concessionário tem outro modelo desportivo.
the vehicle (often official or police)	a viatura
similar	semelhante
The client did not buy a similar vehicle because he told me that.	O cliente não comprou viatura semelhante porque me disse isso.
the suspension	a suspensão
Imagining that the car has such a suspension, the price is fair.	Imaginando que o carro tenha tal suspensão, o preço é justo.
a certain	certo
the hybrid	o híbrido
the range	a autonomia
Supposing that you choose a certain hybrid, the range will be greater.	Supondo que você escolha certo híbrido, a autonomia será maior.
the trade-in	a retoma
Because he offered me the trade-in, I bought another vehicle.	Porque me ofereceu a retoma, comprei outra viatura.
robust	robusto
the range (variety, spectrum)	a gama
A certain robust model of this range has a fantastic suspension.	Certo modelo robusto desta gama tem uma suspensão fantástica.
Admitting that the range is equal, we prefer another hybrid.	Admitindo que a autonomia seja igual, preferimos outro híbrido.
I have never driven such a sporty car!	Eu nunca conduzi tal carro desportivo!
The dealership probably refuses the trade-in.	Provavelmente o concessionário recusa a retoma.
This robust car has the best suspension of the range.	Este carro robusto tem a melhor suspensão da gama.
We probably will not find a similar vehicle at another dealership.	Provavelmente não encontramos viatura semelhante noutro concessionário.