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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Compound Adjective Agreement

Compound adjectives are formed by joining two words with a hyphen to describe a single noun. When making a compound adjective agree with a noun, there is one golden rule: **only the second element changes** to match the gender and number of the noun. 

The first element remains locked in its invariable form (often ending in *-o*, such as *luso-*, *franco-*, or *latino-*).

If the noun is feminine, only the second half of the compound adjective becomes feminine. Keep in mind that some adjectives, like *bilingue*, naturally have the same form for both masculine and feminine nouns.

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To make a compound adjective plural, you also only pluralize the second element. The first word still does not change.

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### Adjectives Ending in Consonants

The second element follows all the standard pluralization rules for Portuguese words. For example, if the second word ends in *-l* (like *cultural*), it drops the *-l* and adds *-is* in the plural.

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Because only the final word changes, you can confidently describe any international agreement or historical community just by focusing on the very end of the compound word!

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Compound adjective agreement

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
Luso-American	luso-americano
bilingual	bilingue
The Luso-American community is bilingual.	A comunidade luso-americana é bilingue.
These Luso-American families are bilingual.	Estas famílias luso-americanas são bilingues.
Franco-Portuguese	franco-português
The Franco-Portuguese agreements are being discussed today.	Os acordos franco-portugueses estão a ser discutidos hoje.
the partnership	a parceria
The Franco-Portuguese partnership was a success.	A parceria franco-portuguesa foi um sucesso.
Latin American	latino-americano
We have been reading Latin American novels for a year.	Há um ano que lemos romances latino-americanos.
Latin American countries promote peace.	Os países latino-americanos promovem a paz.
the exchange (cultural, educational)	o intercâmbio
historical-cultural	histórico-cultural
The historical-cultural exchange with the school started yesterday.	O intercâmbio histórico-cultural com a escola começou ontem.
These historical-cultural exchanges are fundamental.	Estes intercâmbios histórico-culturais são fundamentais.
The director recommends that the partnership be bilingual.	O diretor recomenda que a parceria seja bilingue.
I suggest that you support the Luso-American exchanges.	Sugiro que vocês apoiem os intercâmbios luso-americanos.
the pact	o pacto
We signed a historical-cultural pact and a Franco-Portuguese partnership.	Assinámos um pacto histórico-cultural e uma parceria franco-portuguesa.
the cooperation	a cooperação
The Latin American cooperation is being praised by the minister.	A cooperação latino-americana está a ser elogiada pelo ministro.
African-American	afro-americano
African-American culture influenced the world.	A cultura afro-americana influenciou o mundo.
The African-American musicians are being invited to the festival.	Os músicos afro-americanos estão a ser convidados para o festival.
The historical-cultural pacts require Franco-Portuguese cooperation.	Os pactos histórico-culturais exigem cooperação franco-portuguesa.