Word
Ktoś kupił awokado i kiwi na moje zielone smoothie.
Meaning
Someone bought an avocado and a kiwi for my green smoothie.
Part of speech
sentence
Pronunciation
Course
Lesson
Breakdown of Ktoś kupił awokado i kiwi na moje zielone smoothie.
i
and
mój
my
na
on, at / to (motion toward) / for (a meal) / for (waiting for)
kupić
to buy (perfective)
Questions & Answers about Ktoś kupił awokado i kiwi na moje zielone smoothie.
I see three foreign words here: awokado, kiwi, and smoothie. Why didn't their endings change to match the accusative case?
Because they are indeclinable loanwords (rzeczowniki nieodmienne). These words keep their dictionary form in every grammatical case, singular or plural. Even though awokado and kiwi are the direct objects of the verb, and smoothie follows a preposition, they look exactly as they do in the nominative.
Since "smoothie" doesn't decline, how do we know what gender it is?
Most indeclinable loanwords ending in a vowel (like the -o in awokado, -i in kiwi, and the final vowel sound in smoothie) default to the neuter gender in Polish. We can see this in action here because the modifying words moje and zielone take the neuter accusative endings to match it.
Why does this sentence use "na" for "for", instead of "dla"?
In Polish, dla (followed by the genitive case) is usually for the person or living thing receiving something. When you are buying ingredients for a specific dish, recipe, or purpose, you use na followed by the accusative case to show what the items are destined to become.
Why is the verb "kupił" in the masculine form? What if the "someone" was a woman?