Breakdown of Mój brat lubi mango, bo to egzotyczny owoc.
to
this
brat
brother
mój
my
lubić
to like
bo
because
owoc
fruit
mango
mango
egzotyczny
exotic
Questions & Answers about Mój brat lubi mango, bo to egzotyczny owoc.
Why didn't mango change its ending for the accusative case here since lubić takes a direct object?
Mango is an indeclinable loanword. In Polish, many exotic fruits or foreign words ending in vowels like -o or -i (such as kiwi or awokado) never change their endings. They look exactly the same in every single grammatical case.
If mango never changes its ending, how do I know its grammatical gender so I can use the right adjectives?
Most indeclinable loanwords referring to inanimate objects are neuter. Even though the word itself doesn't change, you must use neuter adjectives to describe it. For example, you would say To jest bardzo smaczne mango (This is a very tasty mango).
Why is it egzotyczny owoc (nominative) instead of egzotycznym owocem (instrumental)? Doesn't saying what something is require the instrumental case?
It depends on the exact structure you use! When you use the word to on its own as a shortcut for is or this is (like bo to egzotyczny owoc), the noun that follows stays in the nominative case. You only use the instrumental case if you use the actual verb jest (for example: bo jest egzotycznym owocem).
How would I say that my brother likes mangoes if he likes multiple? Is there a plural form for mango?
Because the word is completely indeclinable, the plural form is also just mango. The sentence Mój brat lubi mango can mean he likes the fruit in general, one specific mango, or multiple mangoes. You have to rely entirely on context!
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