Breakdown of Te kwitnące kwiaty są piękne.
być
to be
ten
this (m)
piękny
beautiful
kwiat
flower (m)
kwitnąć
to bloom
Questions & Answers about Te kwitnące kwiaty są piękne.
How exactly is the active participle kwitnące formed from the verb?
It comes from the imperfective verb kwitnąć (to bloom). To make an active adjectival participle, you take the 'they' form of the verb in the present tense (one kwitną) and add the adjectival suffix -cy to get the base form kwitnący. Because it describes a plural noun here, it takes the plural ending -e to become kwitnące.
Could I form an active participle like this from a perfective verb?
No, active adjectival participles (the ones ending in -ący) can only be formed from imperfective verbs. This is because they describe an ongoing, continuous action—in this case, flowers that are currently in the process of blooming.
Why do kwitnące and piękne both end in -e in this sentence?
They are both modifying the plural noun kwiaty (flowers). Because kwiaty is inanimate, it belongs to the non-virile (non-masculine-personal) category in the plural. Adjectives and participles modifying non-virile nouns in the nominative case always take the -e ending.
Why do we use Te instead of Ci for "These"?
Just like the adjectives, the demonstrative pronoun must match the non-virile plural noun kwiaty. Ci is strictly used for the masculine personal plural (groups including at least one man). For all other plural nouns, including flowers, objects, and animals, we use Te.
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