Questions & Answers about Te kwiaty są żółte.
Why is 'these' translated as te instead of ci?
In the plural, Polish divides nouns into two categories: 'masculine personal' (groups with at least one man) and 'non-masculine personal' (women, animals, and objects). Since kwiaty (flowers) are objects, we use the non-masculine personal pronoun te.
How do we know kwiaty is plural?
The singular word for flower is kwiat. To make masculine inanimate objects that end in a hard consonant (like the 't' in kwiat) plural, you generally just add -y.
Why does the adjective żółte end in -e instead of -y?
Adjectives must match the noun they describe. The base dictionary form for 'yellow' is żółty, but because kwiaty is plural and non-masculine personal, the adjective changes its ending to -e to match.
Which verb does są come from?
Są means 'are' and is the 'they' form of the irregular verb być (to be). We use it here because 'these flowers' acts as a 'they' subject.
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