Breakdown of Wszyscy cieszą się na ten zjazd oraz jarmark w mieście.
ten
this (m)
wszyscy
everyone / all (the)
w
in / on (a day)
na
on, at / to (motion toward) / for (a meal) / for (waiting for)
miasto
city
oraz
and, as well as (formal, written)
cieszyć się na
to look forward to
zjazd
reunion
jarmark
fair (market)
Questions & Answers about Wszyscy cieszą się na ten zjazd oraz jarmark w mieście.
Why do we use na here instead of z, which is usually paired with cieszyć się?
When cieszyć się is paired with the preposition na (followed by the Accusative case), it changes the meaning from being happy about something to looking forward to a future event. Using z plus the Genitive case would mean they are happy about something that is currently happening or has already happened.
Are ten zjazd and jarmark in the Nominative or Accusative case here?
They are in the Accusative case, which is required by cieszyć się na. However, because zjazd (reunion/congress) and jarmark (fair/market) are masculine inanimate nouns, their Accusative forms look exactly the same as their Nominative forms.
English says 'everyone is' (singular), but cieszą się is plural. Why is that?
In Polish, the pronoun wszyscy (everyone/all people) is grammatically plural and requires the third-person plural verb form. If you wanted to use a singular structure like in English, you would use każdy (everybody/each one), which would make it każdy cieszy się.
Could I just use i instead of oraz to say 'and'?
Yes, i is perfectly fine and means the exact same thing. Oraz is just a slightly more formal or literary way to say 'and.' Polish speakers often use it to connect larger phrases, or simply to avoid repeating i if it has already been used nearby.
What causes the spelling changes in w mieście?
The preposition w (in) requires the Locative case when talking about a static location. For the neuter noun miasto, adding the Locative -e ending triggers a consonant mutation from st to ść. This softening also forces the vowel a to shift to e, resulting in mieście.
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