Breakdown of Bez względu na okoliczności i presję zawsze mówi prawdę.
i
and
zawsze
always
mówić
to speak
prawda
truth
bez względu na
regardless of
okoliczność
circumstance
presja
pressure (psychological)
Questions & Answers about Bez względu na okoliczności i presję zawsze mówi prawdę.
Why do we use the Accusative case for okoliczności and presję after bez względu na when bez usually requires the Genitive?
While the preposition bez does take the Genitive (which is why we see the Genitive względu), the final preposition na determines the case of the nouns that follow the entire phrase. In this compound expression, na always requires the Accusative case.
Is okoliczności plural or singular here, and why doesn't it end in -ę like presję?
Okoliczności is in the Accusative plural here, meaning 'circumstances'. The base word okoliczność is a feminine noun ending in a consonant, not -a. For these types of nouns, the Accusative plural ends in -i and looks identical to the Nominative plural. Presja, on the other hand, is a standard feminine noun ending in -a, so its Accusative singular takes the typical -ę ending.
The English translation says 'he always tells', but where is 'he' in the Polish sentence?
Polish frequently omits personal pronouns like on (he) because the verb ending already indicates the subject. Mówi is the third-person singular form, so without further context, it could mean 'he tells', 'she tells', or 'it tells'.
Why use the imperfective verb mówi instead of a perfective verb like powie?
The word zawsze (always) is the key here. It shows that telling the truth is a habitual, repeating action rather than a single, completed event. Polish requires imperfective verbs like mówić for ongoing or repeated habits.
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