Breakdown of Według aktorów chór był bardzo źle dyrygowany.
być
to be
bardzo
very
aktor
actor
źle
badly
według
according to
dyrygować
to conduct
chór
choir
Questions & Answers about Według aktorów chór był bardzo źle dyrygowany.
Wait, in the active voice you say dyrygować chórem (Instrumental). Why is chór in the Nominative case here?
This is the core rule for forming the passive voice with verbs that take the Instrumental case (like dyrygować, kierować, or zarządzać). Just like with verbs that take the Accusative, the object of the active sentence (chórem) becomes the Nominative subject (chór) in the passive voice. So 'he conducts the choir' is on dyryguje chórem, but 'the choir is conducted' is chór jest dyrygowany.
Is the passive participle dyrygowany formed the same way as it is for Accusative verbs?
Yes! The process is exactly the same. For verbs ending in -ować, you drop the -ć and add the passive ending -ny. Here, it gets the masculine singular ending to agree with chór. The fact that the active verb governs the Instrumental case doesn't change how the participle itself is built.
Why is aktorów in this specific case?
The preposition według (according to) always requires the Genitive case. Aktorów is the Genitive plural of aktor (actor).
Could I use the adjective zły instead of the adverb źle here?
No, because źle (badly) modifies the verbal part of the passive voice—it describes how the conducting was done. If you used the adjective zły (bad), it would modify the noun chór directly, which would mean 'the bad choir was conducted' rather than 'the choir was conducted badly'.
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