Breakdown of Ta nowa maszyna jest odporna na mróz.
być
to be
ten
this (m)
nowy
new
na
on, at / to (motion toward) / for (a meal) / for (waiting for)
maszyna
machine
mróz
frost
odporny
resistant
Questions & Answers about Ta nowa maszyna jest odporna na mróz.
Why do we use the preposition na with mróz, and what case is mróz in this sentence?
The adjective odporny (resistant) mandates the preposition na followed by the Accusative case. Since mróz (frost) is a masculine inanimate noun, its Accusative form looks exactly the same as its basic Nominative dictionary form.
Does odporny na only apply to physical things like frost or weather?
No, it is highly versatile! You can use it for psychological or abstract concepts too. For example, you can say that someone is odporny na stres (stress-resistant) or odporny na krytykę (immune to criticism). The grammar rule (na + Accusative) remains exactly the same.
If I want to say the machine is 'sensitive to frost' instead, do I still use na?
Yes, you do! The antonym of odporny is wrażliwy (sensitive), and it luckily governs the exact same preposition and case: wrażliwy na + Accusative. The sentence would become Ta nowa maszyna jest wrażliwa na mróz.
Why does the adjective end in -a (odporna)?
Predicative adjectives (adjectives that follow the verb to be) must agree in gender, number, and case with the subject. Since the subject here is ta nowa maszyna (feminine, singular, Nominative), the adjective takes the feminine Nominative ending -a to become odporna.
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