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### Plural Pronouns in the Dative Case

When we offer, propose, or give something to a group of people, we need the plural forms of personal pronouns in the Dative case. The plural Dative pronouns are:

- **nam** – to us
- **wam** – to you (plural)
- **im** – to them

Unlike the singular pronouns you have learned, these plural pronouns do not have separate "short" or "long" forms. You will use **nam**, **wam**, and **im** in all situations, whether you are simply stating a fact or placing special emphasis on the receiver.

You will frequently see these pronouns with verbs of giving, advising, or proposing, such as **proponować** (to propose), **odpowiadać** (to suit), **wierzyć** (to believe), **radzić** (to advise), and **oferować** (to offer).

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### Emphatic Singular Pronouns

In previous lessons, you learned the short Dative pronouns for singular subjects: **mi** (to me), **ci** (to you), and **mu** (to him). These short forms are used in standard, everyday sentences and typically tuck themselves inside the sentence, never at the very beginning.

However, when you want to emphasize *exactly who* is receiving the action—especially when contrasting one person with another—you must use the long, **emphatic** forms of these pronouns:

- **mnie** – to ME (emphatic form of *mi*)
- **tobie** – to YOU (emphatic form of *ci*)
- **jemu** – to HIM (emphatic form of *mu*)

*Note: The feminine pronoun **jej** (to her) is used for both the short and emphatic forms.*

Use these emphatic forms when contrasting two people (e.g., "to YOU, but not to ME") or when placing the pronoun at the very beginning of a sentence for dramatic effect.

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Dative emphatic and plural pronouns (mnie, nam, im)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
us (dative)	nam
to propose	proponować
What are you proposing to us today?	Co pan nam dzisiaj proponuje?
to suit	odpowiadać
This weekend suits us very much.	Ten weekend nam bardzo odpowiada.
them (dative)	im
The boss is proposing a new project to them.	Szef proponuje im nowy projekt.
to believe	wierzyć
I do not believe them, because I do not know them.	Nie wierzę im, bo ich nie znam.
to advise	radzić
you (plural, dative)	wam
I advise you to go to the station.	Radzę wam pojechać na dworzec.
to offer	oferować
We are offering you a good job.	Oferujemy wam dobrą pracę.
you (singular emphatic, dative)	tobie
This weekend suits YOU, but not ME!	Tobie ten weekend odpowiada, ale mnie nie!
him (emphatic, dative)	jemu
I advise YOU to rest, and HIM to work.	Tobie radzę odpoczywać, a jemu pracować.
I do not believe HIM, but I trust HER.	Jemu nie wierzę, ale jej ufam.
Why are you offering this job to HIM, and not to ME?	Dlaczego oferujesz tę pracę jemu, a nie mnie?
Are they proposing wine or beer to you?	Czy proponują wam wino czy piwo?
to advise (perfective of radzić; + Dative)	poradzić
What do you advise me?	Co mi poradzisz?
The doctor advised him to take a walk.	Lekarz poradził mu spacer.

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