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### Getting attention politely

**{{item:982665}}** — *excuse me, sir*; to a woman: *proszę pani*. This is how you stop a stranger, call a waiter, or open a question to someone you say pan/pani to: *Proszę pana, gdzie jest bank?*

### Asking how things are

**{{item:982668}}** — *how are things?* — literally *what is to be heard*. The informal sibling of jak się masz; a normal answer is *Wszystko w porządku* or *Nic nowego* (nothing new).

### Warm address

**{{item:982671}}** — *darling, sweetheart* — for partners and children. In the Vocative it stays the same: *Kochanie, gdzie jesteś?*

**{{item:982674}}** — *guy, bloke* — informal but completely normal spoken Polish: *Kto to jest ten facet?*

### Family words you were missing

**{{item:982677}}** — *auntie*, the warm everyday word (ciotka is more formal), **{{item:982680}}** — *siblings* (a neuter collective: *Czy masz rodzeństwo?*), **{{item:982683}}** — *baby, infant*.

Addressing people (proszę pana, kochanie)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
excuse me, sir (getting attention; f: proszę pani)	proszę pana
Excuse me sir, where is the bank?	Proszę pana, gdzie jest bank?
Excuse me sir, is this your car?	Proszę pana, czy to pana samochód?
how are things?	co słychać
Hi, how are things?	Cześć, co słychać?
How are things at work?	Co słychać w pracy?
darling, sweetheart	kochanie
Darling, where are you?	Kochanie, gdzie jesteś?
Good night, darling.	Dobranoc, kochanie.
guy, bloke (informal)	facet
Who is that guy?	Kto to jest ten facet?
That guy works in our office.	Ten facet pracuje w naszym biurze.
auntie	ciocia
My auntie lives in Krakow.	Moja ciocia mieszka w Krakowie.
Auntie Anna cooks a good lunch.	Ciocia Anna gotuje dobry obiad.
siblings	rodzeństwo
Do you have siblings?	Czy masz rodzeństwo?
My siblings live far away.	Moje rodzeństwo mieszka daleko.
baby, infant	niemowlę
The baby is sleeping in the room.	Niemowlę śpi w pokoju.
My sister has a little baby.	Moja siostra ma małe niemowlę.

Contributors