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To avoid repeating a noun, use a direct object pronoun ("it," "him," "her," or "them"). In Italian, these agree in gender and number with the noun they replace and go **immediately before** the conjugated verb.

| | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| **Masculine** | lo | li |
| **Feminine** | la | le |

### Lo and La (Singular)

Use **lo** to replace masculine singular nouns and **la** for feminine singular nouns.

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In negative sentences, the pronoun goes between **non** and the verb.

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### Li and Le (Plural)

Use **li** for masculine plural nouns and **le** for feminine plural nouns.

{{item:806422}}

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### People vs. Things

These same pronouns replace both inanimate objects and people.

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Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
the dictionary	il dizionario
him/it (direct object)	lo
Where is the dictionary? I am looking for it.	Dov'è il dizionario? Lo cerco.
The text is difficult. I do not understand it.	Il testo è difficile. Non lo capisco.
the song	la canzone
her/it (direct object)	la
to remember	ricordare
I listen to the song, but I do not remember it.	Ascolto la canzone, ma non la ricordo.
to love	amare
Maria loves pizza. She eats it often.	Maria ama la pizza. La mangia spesso.
It is a beautiful song. We listen to it often.	È una bella canzone. La ascoltiamo spesso.
them (masculine direct object)	li
These flowers are beautiful. I buy them.	Questi fiori sono belli. Li compro.
to hate	odiare
The children hate the fish. They do not eat it.	I bambini odiano il pesce. Non lo mangiano.
There is a lot of traffic. We hate it.	C'è tanto traffico. Lo odiamo.
the umbrella	l'ombrello
The umbrella is heavy. I do not take it.	L'ombrello è pesante. Non lo prendo.
I have an umbrella. You can take it.	Ho un ombrello. Lo puoi prendere.
the t-shirt	la maglietta
Where are the t-shirts? I do not see them.	Dove sono le magliette? Non le vedo.
How many t-shirts do you buy? I buy them all.	Quante magliette compri? Le compro tutte.
to thank	ringraziare
The professor helps Maria, and she thanks him.	Il professore aiuta Maria, e lei lo ringrazia.
The grandparents arrive today. We are waiting for them at the station.	I nonni arrivano oggi. Li aspettiamo alla stazione.
Where is the dictionary? I do not remember it.	Dov'è il dizionario? Non lo ricordo.
I love my mother and I thank her.	Amo mia madre e la ringrazio.
to adore	adorare
I adore chocolate ice cream.	Adoro il gelato al cioccolato.
Do you adore this song? Yes, I adore it!	Adori questa canzone? Sì, la adoro!
Children adore candies.	I bambini adorano le caramelle.

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