Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

When describing the aftermath of an emergency, you often need to talk about the condition people or places are left in.

### The Resultative Passive

To express the lasting result of an event, Italian uses the **resultative passive**. Use the verbs **rimanere** or **restare** (to remain / to stay) paired with a past participle. This emphasizes the final state caused by an action, rather than the action itself.

{{item:852816}}

{{item:852818}}

In compound tenses like the *passato prossimo*, *rimanere* and *restare* take *essere* as their auxiliary. This means the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.

{{item:852826}}

{{item:852831}}

### The Dynamic Passive with Venire

While *rimanere* and *restare* focus on a resulting state, the active rescue effort often uses the verb **venire** (to come) as a passive auxiliary. This forms the standard dynamic passive, keeping the focus strictly on the action happening to the subject.

{{item:852821}}

{{item:852835}}

Resultative passive (rimanere / restare)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the avalanche	la valanga
the hiker (m/f)	l'escursionista
missing	disperso
After the avalanche, the hiker remained missing for two days.	Dopo la valanga, l'escursionista è rimasto disperso per due giorni.
to trap	intrappolare
Two hikers remained trapped in the woods.	Due escursionisti sono restati intrappolati nel bosco.
to be (passive auxiliary)	venire
to rescue	soccorrere
The missing hikers are rescued by the helicopter.	Gli escursionisti dispersi vengono soccorsi dall'elicottero.
the landslide	la frana
Due to the landslide, the dog remained trapped in front of the house.	A causa della frana, il cane è rimasto intrappolato davanti alla casa.
the survivor	il superstite
the rubble	la maceria
The survivors remained buried under the rubble.	I superstiti sono rimasti sepolti sotto le macerie.
the stretcher	la barella
The survivor is rescued and carried on the stretcher.	Il superstite viene soccorso e portato sulla barella.
unharmed	illeso
Even if he is unharmed, the hiker is transported on the stretcher.	Anche se è illeso, l'escursionista viene trasportato sulla barella.
The street remained blocked by the rubble of the landslide.	La strada è rimasta bloccata dalle macerie della frana.
On the tenth of January, three tourists remained missing after the avalanche.	Il dieci gennaio, tre turisti sono rimasti dispersi dopo la valanga.
The firefighters did not rescue the cat that remained trapped on the roof.	I pompieri non hanno soccorso il gatto che è rimasto intrappolato sul tetto.
The survivor did not remain injured, but he is unharmed.	Il superstite non è rimasto ferito, ma è illeso.
The woman is rescued and put on the stretcher.	La donna viene soccorsa e messa sulla barella.
to burn	bruciare
The dinner was left burnt in the oven.	La cena è rimasta bruciata nel forno.
The sun burns the skin in summer.	Il sole brucia la pelle in estate.

Contributors