Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Verbs expressing opinions, doubts, hopes, or fears usually require **che** followed by the subjunctive. However, if the subject of the main clause and the dependent clause is the *same*, you avoid the subjunctive.

Instead, drop **che** and use **di** + the infinitive.

### Beliefs and Thoughts
When saying "I think that I am..." or "He believes that he...", the subject of both actions is identical. Use **pensare di** or **credere di** followed directly by the infinitive.

{{item:816497}}

{{item:816501}}

### Hopes and Fears
The same rule applies to emotions. Instead of saying "I hope that I improve," Italian phrasing translates closer to "I hope to improve." Verbs like **sperare** (to hope) and **temere** (to fear) link directly to your own actions using **di**.

{{item:816500}}

{{item:816505}}

{{item:816506}}

### Doubts and Imagination
Use this **di** + infinitive construction with verbs like **dubitare** (to doubt) and **immaginare** (to imagine) whenever you are talking about your own actions or capabilities.

{{item:816508}}

{{item:816509}}

### Linking Multiple Infinitives
To list multiple actions that share the same subject, repeat **di** before each infinitive to keep the sentence balanced and clear.

{{item:816513}}

Avoiding the subjunctive with di (penso di andare)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the psychologist	lo psicologo
The psychologist believes he understands the problem.	Lo psicologo crede di capire il problema.
to improve	migliorare
the self-esteem (f)	l'autostima
I hope to be able to improve my self-esteem.	Spero di poter migliorare la mia autostima.
I don't think I'm crazy at all!	Non penso mica di essere pazzo!
capable	capace
to face	affrontare
She believes she is capable of facing the problem.	Lei crede di essere capace di affrontare il problema.
I hope to overcome my anxiety.	Spero di superare l'ansia.
I fear discovering something terrible.	Temo di scoprire qualcosa di terribile.
I would hope to solve the problem.	Spererei di risolvere il problema.
Without self-esteem, I doubt I am capable of facing the world.	Senza autostima, dubito di essere capace di affrontare il mondo.
He imagines overcoming his fear.	Lui immagina di superare la sua paura.
He fears making the situation worse.	Teme di peggiorare la situazione.
the progress	il progresso
the therapy	la terapia
I hope to improve and see the progress in therapy.	Spero di migliorare e di vedere il progresso nella terapia.
to deserve	meritare
the emotion (f)	l'emozione
negative	negativo
We believe we deserve the progress without the negative emotions.	Crediamo di meritare il progresso senza le emozioni negative.
The psychologist believes he deserves therapy for every negative emotion.	Lo psicologo crede di meritare la terapia per ogni emozione negativa.
to make (someone/something) + adjective, to render	rendere
Therapy makes progress possible.	La terapia rende possibile il progresso.
Music makes me happy.	La musica mi rende felice.
the mood (essere di buon/cattivo umore = to be in a good/bad mood) (m)	l'umore
Today the boss is in a bad mood.	Oggi il capo è di cattivo umore.
Sport improves my mood.	Lo sport migliora il mio umore.
to intend to	avere intenzione di
I intend to leave tomorrow.	Ho intenzione di partire domani.
We do not intend to change our minds.	Non abbiamo intenzione di cambiare idea.

Contributors