Learn Icelandic: Sporvagninn er kominn á áfangastaðinn. - The tram has arrived at the destination.

This is the resultative aspect. With verbs of motion like koma (to come), using vera (to be) plus the past participle emphasizes the resulting state of the action. The tram is here now. If you said hefur komið, it would focus more on the action of arriving itself, rather than the current state of being at the destination.

Why is the participle kominn instead of komið?

Because it is paired with the verb vera (to be), the past participle acts like an adjective. It must agree in gender, number, and case with the subject. Sporvagninn is a masculine, nominative, singular noun, so the participle becomes kominn. If we had used hafa (to have), it would use the uninflected supine form komið.

English says 'at the destination', which sounds like a static location. Why is áfangastaðinn in the accusative case instead of dative?

The preposition á triggers the accusative case when it describes motion towards a place. Even though the tram has finished moving, the phrase koma á (to arrive at) is treated as a directional action in Icelandic, so the destination takes the accusative case.

What are the parts that make up the word áfangastaðinn?

It is a compound noun made of áfangi (a stage or leg of a journey) and staður (a place), followed by the masculine definite article -inn. Together, they literally mean 'the stage-place', which translates smoothly to 'the destination'.