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Icelandic

### Where Are You From?

**Hvaðan** asks *from where*: **Hvaðan ert þú?** The answer uses *frá* + dative, which you already know: *Ég er frá Íslandi.*

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### The Language and the People

The language is **íslenska**; English is **enska**. Both are weak feminine nouns, and after *tala* they take the accusative: *Ég tala íslensku.*

| noun (language) | adjective |
|---|---|
| **íslenska** Icelandic | **íslenskur** Icelandic |
| **enska** English | **enskur** English |

The adjectives agree like any strong adjective: *Hann er íslenskur. Bókin er ensk.*

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### Where You Live

Two ways to say it, both everyday:

**búa** — *to live, dwell*: *Ég bý í Reykjavík.* The present is irregular: ég **bý**, þú **býrð**, hún **býr**.

**eiga heima** — literally *to own home*: *Ég á heima í Reykjavík.* This is the phrase Icelanders use for where their home IS — learn it as a unit.

{{item:984539}}

### Married?

**giftur** is *married*, agreeing like an adjective: *Hann er giftur. Hún er gift. Þau eru gift.*


Um mig — where I am from

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
from where	hvaðan
Where are you from?	Hvaðan ert þú?
Where is the teacher from?	Hvaðan er kennarinn?
I am from Iceland.	Ég er frá Íslandi.
Icelandic (the language)	íslenska
I speak Icelandic.	Ég tala íslensku.
English (the language)	enska
Do you speak English?	Talar þú ensku?
The Icelander speaks Icelandic and English.	Íslendingurinn talar íslensku og ensku.
Icelandic (adjective)	íslenskur
The boy is Icelandic.	Strákurinn er íslenskur.
English (adjective)	enskur
He is Icelandic but the book is English.	Hann er íslenskur en bókin er ensk.
My teacher is English.	Kennarinn minn er enskur.
to live (in a place), to dwell	búa
I live in Reykjavík.	Ég bý í Reykjavík.
She lives in Iceland.	Hún býr á Íslandi.
to have one's home (somewhere), to reside	eiga heima
I live in Reykjavík.	Ég á heima í Reykjavík.
Where do you live?	Hvar átt þú heima?
married	giftur
Are you married?	Ert þú giftur?
Mum and dad are married.	Mamma og pabbi eru gift.

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