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Icelandic

The indefinite pronoun **allur** means "all," "everything," or "everyone." Like an adjective, it changes form to match the gender, number, and case of the noun it describes. When paired with a noun, Icelandic typically uses the definite form of that noun (e.g., "all the...").

### Neuter Singular and "Everything" (Allt)

For neuter singular nouns, the form is **allt**. This form stays exactly the same in both the nominative (subject) and accusative (object) cases. When used entirely on its own without a noun, **allt** translates to "everything."

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### Masculine Plural and "Everyone" (Allir)

The nominative masculine plural form is **allir**. While it can be paired with masculine plural nouns, it is most commonly used on its own to mean "everyone." Icelandic defaults to this masculine plural form when talking about a mixed group of people.

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### Accusative Forms: Allan and Alla

When acting as the direct object of a sentence (like the food being eaten or bought), the pronoun takes the accusative case. The form depends on the noun's gender and number:

| Gender & Number | Accusative Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine Singular | **allan** | allan matinn (all the food) |
| Feminine Singular | **alla** | alla sósuna (all the sauce) |
| Masculine Plural | **alla** | alla ávextina (all the fruit) |

Notice that the feminine singular and masculine plural share the exact same form (**alla**).

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All / everything / everyone (allur)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
all / everything / everyone	allur
the people	fólkið
to shop	versla
All the people shop here.	Allt fólkið verslar hérna.
the meat	kjötið
We shop and buy all the meat.	Við verslum og kaupum allt kjötið.
the meal	máltíðin
Everyone eats the meat and the meal is good.	Allir borða kjötið og máltíðin er góð.
the vegetables	grænmetið
Do you find all the vegetables good?	Finnst þér allt grænmetið gott?
full	mettur
I was hungry but now I am full because I ate all the vegetables.	Ég var svangur en nú er ég mettur af því að ég borðaði allt grænmetið.
He finishes all the food in the bowl.	Hann klárar allan matinn í skálinni.
The people bought all the food in the shop.	Fólkið keypti allan matinn í búðinni.
the sauce	sósan
They want all the sauce.	Þau vilja alla sósuna.
the menu	matseðillinn
The sauce is on the menu.	Sósan er á matseðlinum.
The woman checks the menu and chooses the meal.	Konan skoðar matseðilinn og velur máltíðina.
Was everyone full earlier?	Voru allir mettir áðan?
the fruit	ávöxturinn
Everyone wants to buy all the fruit here.	Allir vilja kaupa alla ávextina hér.
The child finishes everything and eats all the fruit.	Barnið klárar allt og borðar alla ávextina.
the dish (of food)	rétturinn
The dish is on the menu.	Rétturinn er á matseðlinum.
This dish is very good.	Þessi réttur er mjög góður.

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