Графік і мотивація важливі під час випробувального терміну.

In Ukrainian, the present-tense form of to be is usually omitted in simple statements.

So:

• Графік і мотивація важливі
  literally looks like
• Schedule and motivation important

but it naturally means:

• Schedule and motivation are important

This is completely normal Ukrainian, not an incomplete sentence.

Because the subject is made of two nouns joined by і:

• графік = schedule
• мотивація = motivation

Together they form a compound subject, so the predicate adjective becomes plural:

• важливі = important

Even though each noun is singular on its own, графік і мотивація means two things, so Ukrainian treats them as plural.

Важливі is the nominative plural form of the adjective важливий.

You can think of it like this:

• важливий = masculine singular
• важлива = feminine singular
• важливе = neuter singular
• важливі = plural

Here it is plural because it describes both графік and мотивація together.

They are both in the nominative case, because they are the subject of the sentence.

• графік = nominative singular masculine
• мотивація = nominative singular feminine

Even though the whole subject is plural in meaning, each noun itself stays in its own singular nominative form.

Because під час means during and requires the genitive case.

So:

• випробувальний термін = nominative
• під час випробувального терміну = genitive after під час

Both words change:

• випробувальний → випробувального
• термін → терміну

This is a very common pattern in Ukrainian: a preposition determines the case that follows it.

Because it is agreeing with терміну, which is masculine singular genitive.

The dictionary form is:

• випробувальний = probationary / trial

But after під час, it has to match the genitive form of терміну, so it becomes:

• випробувального терміну

So the ending -ого tells you the adjective is masculine singular genitive.

Yes, very common.

In work or employment contexts, випробувальний термін is a standard phrase meaning:

• probation period
• trial period

You may also see випробувальний строк, which is very similar in meaning. Both are used, though випробувальний термін is extremely common in everyday speech.

It can mean either in different contexts, which makes it a useful word to watch carefully.

• графік can mean graph/chart
• графік can also mean schedule, especially a work schedule or shift pattern

In this sentence, because of the context під час випробувального терміну, it clearly means schedule, not graph.

Sometimes yes, but not always with exactly the same nuance.

A rough distinction is:

• графік = schedule, work schedule, shift pattern, planned timing
• розклад = timetable, fixed schedule, like for classes, trains, lessons

So in a workplace context, графік often sounds more natural than розклад.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is flexible.

The original sentence is neutral and natural:

• Графік і мотивація важливі під час випробувального терміну.

But you could also say:

• Під час випробувального терміну графік і мотивація важливі.

That puts more emphasis on during the probation period.

So the meaning stays basically the same, but the focus can shift slightly.

Because і is simply joining two nouns into one compound subject:

• графік і мотивація

In Ukrainian, as in English, you do not put a comma before and when it joins two items in a simple list or compound subject.

So no comma is needed here.

Yes, often it could.

• і = and
• та = and

Both are common. In many sentences they are interchangeable, though і is the most basic and neutral choice. Sometimes speakers choose та just because it sounds smoother in a particular sentence.

So Графік та мотивація важливі... would also be grammatical.