На екрані я бачу новий файл і довге посилання.

Екрані is the locative singular form of екран.

After на, Ukrainian uses:

• locative for a location: на екрані = on the screen
• accusative for movement toward a place: на екран = onto the screen

So in this sentence, nothing is moving; it is simply describing where something is seen, so на екрані is correct.

You would usually say на екран.

Compare:

• На екрані я бачу файл. = I see a file on the screen.
• Я виводжу файл на екран. = I put/display the file onto the screen.

So the contrast is:

• на екрані = location
• на екран = direction/result of movement

Yes, you could say just бачу.

In Ukrainian, the verb ending already tells you the subject:

• бачу = I see

So я is often optional. It may be included for:

• emphasis
• contrast
• clarity

Both are natural:

• На екрані бачу новий файл і довге посилання.
• На екрані я бачу новий файл і довге посилання.

Including я makes the subject a little more explicit.

Because бачити takes the accusative case, but with inanimate masculine and inanimate neuter nouns, the accusative often looks exactly like the nominative.

Here:

• файл is masculine inanimate
• посилання is neuter inanimate

So:

• nominative: новий файл
• accusative: новий файл

and

• nominative: довге посилання
• accusative: довге посилання

So they are in the accusative here, even though the forms look unchanged.

A useful comparison:

• Я бачу новий файл. = inanimate, no visible change
• Я бачу нового студента. = animate masculine, visible accusative ending

Because adjectives must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here:

• файл is masculine singular, so the adjective is новий
• посилання is neuter singular, so the adjective is довге

So the pairings are:

• новий файл
• довге посилання

This is basic adjective agreement.

• файл is masculine
• посилання is neuter

Why?

• Nouns ending in a consonant are often masculine: файл
• Nouns ending in -ння / -я like посилання are typically neuter

That is why the adjectives are different:

• новий файл
• довге посилання

Because Ukrainian has no articles.

So файл can mean:

• a file
• the file

and посилання can mean:

• a link
• the link

The exact meaning depends on context.

So новий файл і довге посилання could be understood as:

• a new file and a long link
• the new file and the long link

depending on the situation.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible.

This sentence begins with На екрані to set the scene first:

• На екрані я бачу новий файл і довге посилання.

But you could also say:

• Я бачу на екрані новий файл і довге посилання.

Both are grammatical. The difference is mostly about focus and style, not basic meaning.

Starting with На екрані gives a natural scene-setting feel: first the location, then what is seen there.

Посилання can mean link, hyperlink, URL, or sometimes reference, depending on context.

In a sentence about a screen and a file, the most natural meaning is a link on a computer screen, probably a clickable link or a web address.

So here довге посилання most likely means:

• a long link
• possibly a long URL

Because бачу is the present-tense form of бачити, which means I see.

• бачу = I see
• побачу = usually I will see or I catch sight of

So in a sentence describing what is visible right now on the screen, бачу is the normal choice.

Compare:

• Я бачу файл. = I see the file.
• Я побачу файл завтра. = I will see the file tomorrow.

So this is also a matter of aspect:

• бачити = imperfective
• побачити = perfective

Because that is the normal, neutral order in Ukrainian:

• новий файл
• довге посилання

Just like in English, descriptive adjectives usually come before the noun.

It is possible in some contexts to place an adjective after the noun, but that usually sounds marked, poetic, or stylistically special. For ordinary everyday Ukrainian, the order adjective + noun is the standard one.