Пляма є на тканині.

Word by word:

• Пляма = stain / spot / mark
• є = is / there is
• на = on
• тканині = on the fabric / cloth (this is a case form of тканина)

A very literal translation is:

• The stain is on the fabric.
• or There is a stain on the fabric, depending on context.

Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English, so the exact emphasis can change without changing the basic meaning much.

Because на here means location, so it requires the locative case.

• Dictionary form: тканина = fabric
• Locative singular: тканині = on the fabric

So:

• на тканині = on the fabric

This is very common in Ukrainian:

• на столі = on the table
• на підлозі = on the floor
• на тканині = on the fabric

That is a very good question. In Ukrainian, the present-tense copula є is often omitted, especially in simple descriptive sentences.

So all of these are possible:

• Пляма на тканині.
• Пляма є на тканині.

The version without є often sounds more natural in everyday speech.

However, є is still used, especially when you want to stress existence, like English there is:

• На тканині є пляма. = There is a stain on the fabric.

So in this sentence, є is not wrong, but many speakers would more naturally say Пляма на тканині or На тканині є пляма, depending on the emphasis.

It is grammatical, but it is not always the most natural-sounding version.

Three common possibilities are:

• Пляма на тканині.
  Simple and natural: The stain is on the fabric.

• На тканині є пляма.
  Very natural when introducing the stain: There is a stain on the fabric.

• Пляма є на тканині.
  Grammatical, but a bit more marked or emphatic.

In Ukrainian, the first part of the sentence often shows what you are talking about already, and the later part often gives new information. So:

• На тканині є пляма focuses on the fact that a stain exists there.
• Пляма є на тканині focuses more on the stain as the topic.

Пляма is in the nominative singular.

It is the basic dictionary form and functions as the subject of the sentence.

• пляма = stain
• nominative singular feminine noun

You can see it as the thing that is somewhere.

Yes. Пляма is grammatically feminine.

That matters because adjectives and some pronouns must agree with it:

• велика пляма = a big stain
• ця пляма = this stain
• брудна пляма = a dirty stain

Even though the word ends in -а, which often signals feminine nouns, it is still best to learn the gender together with the noun.

Пляма is a broad word. It can mean:

• stain
• spot
• mark
• blotch

The best English translation depends on context.

For example:

• пляма на сорочці = a stain on a shirt
• темна пляма = a dark spot
• сонячні плями = sunspots

So пляма is not limited to dirt stains only.

Yes. На can take different cases depending on meaning.

In this sentence, на expresses location, so it takes the locative:

• на тканині = on the fabric

When на expresses motion onto something, it usually takes the accusative:

• покласти на тканину = to put onto the fabric

So compare:

• Пляма на тканині. = The stain is on the fabric.
• Я поклав фарбу на тканину. = I put paint onto the fabric.

This location-vs-motion contrast is very important in Ukrainian.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• Пляма ≈ PLYA-ma
• є ≈ ye
• на ≈ na
• тканині ≈ tka-NYI-ni

Stress:

• пля́ма
• ткани́ні

A rough full pronunciation is:

• PLYA-ma ye na tka-NYI-ni

A few useful notes:

• є is pronounced like ye
• я in пляма gives a plya sound
• Ukrainian и is not the same as English ee; it is a more central vowel

Ukrainian has no articles, so пляма can mean either:

• a stain
• the stain

The exact meaning comes from context.

For example:

• На тканині є пляма. = There is a stain on the fabric.
• Пляма на тканині велика. = The stain on the fabric is big.

If needed, Ukrainian can add other words for clarity, such as:

• ця пляма = this stain
• якась пляма = some stain
• одна пляма = one / a certain stain

Yes, absolutely. In fact, that is often the more natural everyday version.

So:

• Пляма на тканині. = very natural
• Пляма є на тканині. = also possible, but more explicit or marked

If you want a natural existential sentence, many speakers would prefer:

• На тканині є пляма.

So all three can work, but they do not sound exactly the same in nuance.