Овоч дозріває.

• Овоч = vegetable. It is the subject of the sentence.
• дозріває = ripens / is ripening. It is the verb.

So the structure is simply:

• subject + verb

Very literally: A/The vegetable ripens or The vegetable is ripening.

Овоч is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence.

A few useful details:

• dictionary form: овоч
• gender: masculine
• number: singular
• case: nominative

In Ukrainian, the subject of a basic sentence is usually in the nominative case, just like here.

The form дозріває means:

• 3rd person
• singular
• present tense
• from an imperfective verb

So it matches овоч = it / the vegetable.

You can think of it as meaning:

• it ripens
• it is ripening

The verb agrees with the singular subject.

It can be either, depending on context.

Ukrainian present tense often covers both:

• simple present: ripens
• present continuous: is ripening

So Овоч дозріває could mean:

• The vegetable ripens
• The vegetable is ripening

In real usage, the second translation is often more natural if you are describing a process happening now.

Ukrainian has no articles.

So овоч can mean:

• a vegetable
• the vegetable

Context tells you which one is meant.

That is very normal in Ukrainian. English speakers often want to add an article mentally, but Ukrainian simply does not use one.

A helpful pronunciation guide is:

• о́воч — stress on the first syllable
• дозріва́є — stress on ва

Roughly:

• Овоч ≈ OH-voch
• дозріває ≈ doz-ree-VA-ye

A few sound notes:

• ч sounds like ch in church
• є here sounds like ye
• і is like ee in see

So the whole sentence is approximately:

OH-voch doz-ree-VA-ye

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible.

The neutral order is:

• Овоч дозріває.

But you could also say:

• Дозріває овоч.

That version puts more focus on the action or sounds more context-driven, as if answering What is happening?

So:

• Овоч дозріває = neutral, straightforward
• Дозріває овоч = marked word order, different emphasis

The infinitive is дозрівати.

So:

• дозрівати = to ripen, to become ripe

From this infinitive, the present tense form here is:

• він/вона/воно дозріває = he/she/it ripens / is ripening

Since овоч is singular, we use дозріває.

Yes. A common perfective partner is дозріти.

The difference is:

• дозрівати / дозріває = imperfective, focuses on the process
• дозріти = perfective, focuses on completion

Compare:

• Овоч дозріває. = The vegetable is ripening.
• Овоч дозріє. = The vegetable will ripen / will become ripe.

This is a very important Ukrainian pattern: imperfective for process, perfective for completed result.

You would use the plural:

• Овочі дозрівають.

Changes:

• овоч → овочі = singular to plural
• дозріває → дозрівають = 3rd person singular to 3rd person plural

So:

• Овоч дозріває. = The vegetable is ripening.
• Овочі дозрівають. = The vegetables are ripening.

Yes, it is grammatically correct and natural.

That said, in real life Ukrainian speakers might often use a more specific noun if the context allows it, such as:

• Помідор дозріває. = The tomato is ripening.
• Фрукт дозріває. = The fruit is ripening.

Овоч is perfectly fine, but it is somewhat general, just like saying The vegetable is ripening in English.