У мене болить шлунок.

I

Breakdown of У мене болить шлунок.

• у: in
• боліти: to hurt
• шлунок: the stomach

Questions & Answers about У мене болить шлунок.

Why does Ukrainian use у мене instead of something like мій шлунок here?

Because this is the normal Ukrainian pattern for talking about pain in a body part.

Ukrainian often says:

• у/в + pronoun/person = the person experiencing something
• body part in the nominative = the thing that hurts

So У мене болить шлунок is literally close to At me, the stomach hurts.

That is more natural than Мій шлунок болить in most situations.
Мій шлунок болить is grammatical, but it sounds more emphatic or contrastive, as if you are stressing my stomach specifically.

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What case is мене in this sentence?

Here мене is genitive singular of я.

It follows the preposition у/в, which in this expression takes the genitive:

• у мене
• у тебе
• у нього
• у неї
• у нас

A small complication: мене has the same form in the genitive and accusative, but in у мене you should understand it as genitive.

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What case is шлунок here?