Майстер замінив камеру після проколу.

Because камеру is in the accusative case, which marks the direct object of the verb.

In this sentence:

Майстер замінив камеру після проколу.

the thing being replaced is камера, so it has to be in the accusative.

• nominative: камера
• accusative: камеру

This is normal for many feminine nouns ending in -а:

• машина → машину
• лампа → лампу
• камера → камеру

Because the preposition після always takes the genitive case.

So:

• прокол = puncture, blowout, puncturing
• після проколу = after the puncture / after a puncture

Here the genitive form of прокол is проколу.

Other examples:

• після роботи = after work
• після уроку = after the lesson
• після дощу = after the rain

Yes, камера can mean several things depending on context. It does not always mean the English word camera.

Common meanings include:

• camera
• chamber
• cell (for example, a prison cell)
• inner tube in a tire

In this sentence, because of замінив and після проколу, камера means inner tube.

So the sentence is about repairing a wheel/tire, not about photography.

Here прокол means a puncture or the event of something being punctured.

In the context of an inner tube or tire:

• прокол = puncture
• після проколу = after the puncture / after getting a puncture

Be aware that прокол can also be used figuratively in colloquial speech to mean a blunder or mess-up, but that is not the meaning here.

Замінив is the perfective past tense of замінити, meaning replaced as a completed action.

So замінив tells us the action is finished:

• Майстер замінив камеру. = The mechanic replaced the inner tube.

By contrast, міняв comes from an imperfective verb and suggests an ongoing, repeated, or process-focused action:

• майстер міняв камеру = the mechanic was replacing / used to replace the inner tube

In this sentence, the speaker is reporting a completed result, so замінив is the natural choice.

In the past tense, Ukrainian verbs agree in gender and number with the subject.

The subject here is майстер, which is masculine singular, so the verb is masculine singular too:

• майстер замінив = the mechanic replaced
• майстриня замінила = the female specialist replaced
• майстри замінили = the mechanics replaced

So -в in замінив matches the masculine subject.

Because Ukrainian does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So:

• майстер can mean a mechanic, the mechanic, a repairman, or the repairman
• камеру can mean an inner tube or the inner tube

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is why one Ukrainian sentence can be translated in several natural English ways:

• The mechanic replaced the inner tube after the puncture.
• A mechanic replaced the tube after a puncture.

Not always. Майстер literally means master, craftsman, specialist, or repairman, depending on context.

In everyday speech it often refers to:

• a repair technician
• a skilled worker
• a person who does service or repairs

Because the sentence mentions replacing an inner tube, майстер is best understood here as something like:

• the mechanic
• the repairman
• the technician

So mechanic is a natural translation, but the Ukrainian word itself is a bit broader.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

Майстер замінив камеру після проколу.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Після проколу майстер замінив камеру.
• Камеру майстер замінив після проколу.

These versions keep basically the same core meaning, but the emphasis changes:

• starting with Після проколу emphasizes the time sequence
• starting with Камеру emphasizes what was replaced

Literally, it means after the puncture — so it is a time expression.

However, in real context it often also implies the reason:

• first there was a puncture
• then the mechanic replaced the tube

So English may understand both ideas:

• after the puncture
• effectively because it got punctured

But grammatically, після itself means after, not because of.

Yes. The phrase itself is general: after the puncture.

It does not explicitly say what was punctured. Context tells us that the puncture affected the wheel setup, and then the inner tube was replaced.

So in practice, a speaker may understand:

• the tube got punctured
• the tire got a puncture
• the wheel had a puncture problem

The sentence does not spell that out in full; it leaves it to context.

They are:

• майстер → dictionary form already shown
• замінив → dictionary form замінити
• камеру → dictionary form камера
• після → preposition
• проколу → dictionary form прокол

So if you wanted to look them up, you would usually search for: майстер, замінити, камера, після, прокол