На фермерському ринку є ваги.

Because after на when it means location, Ukrainian normally uses the locative case.

• base form: ринок = market
• locative singular: ринку = at/in the market

So:

• на ринку = at the market / in the market

In this sentence, На фермерському ринку means at the farmers’ market.

Because фермерський is an adjective, and it has to agree with the noun it describes.

The noun ринок is:

• masculine
• singular
• locative case here

So the adjective must also be:

• masculine
• singular
• locative

That gives:

• фермерський ринок = farmers’ market in the dictionary/basic form
• на фермерському ринку = at the farmers’ market

So -ому is the adjective ending for this form.

Є is the present-tense form of to be, and here it means something like:

• there is
• there are
• exists / are present

So:

• На фермерському ринку є ваги. = There are scales at the farmers’ market.

A useful point: in Ukrainian, є is often used in sentences of existence or presence, like there is / there are in English.

In this kind of existential sentence, є is very common and natural.

• На фермерському ринку є ваги. = clear, neutral: There are scales at the farmers’ market.

In some contexts, especially informal speech, Ukrainian may omit є, but that can sound less explicitly existential and more like a statement with a different emphasis.

For learners, it is safest to understand and use є in sentences meaning there is / there are.

Yes, but Ukrainian treats ваги like English scales: it is usually a plural noun.

So:

• ваги = scales
• not normally singular when talking about a weighing device

This is similar to English words like:

• scissors
• glasses
• pants
• scales

So even if it is one physical object, Ukrainian still says ваги.

Sometimes, depending on context, forms related to вага can refer to weight or weights, but in a sentence like this:

• На фермерському ринку є ваги

the natural meaning is scales or a weighing scale, because that fits the setting of a market.

So here a learner should understand ваги as scales.

Ukrainian does not have articles like English a / an / the.

So:

• ринок can mean a market or the market
• ваги can mean scales, some scales, or the scales

The exact meaning is understood from context.

That is why На фермерському ринку є ваги does not need a separate word for the.

Ukrainian word order is flexible, and starting with the location is very natural.

This order puts the setting first:

• На фермерському ринку є ваги. = At the farmers’ market, there are scales.

This is a common pattern when introducing what exists somewhere:

• У місті є парк. = There is a park in the city.
• На столі є книга. = There is a book on the table.

So the sentence structure is very typical: [place] + є + [thing that exists]

Yes, Ukrainian allows other word orders, but they may change the emphasis.

For example:

• На фермерському ринку є ваги.
  Neutral: There are scales at the farmers’ market.

• Ваги є на фермерському ринку.
  Puts more emphasis on scales.

For a learner, the original version is the most natural and useful pattern to remember.

На often means on, but it can also mean at in many location expressions.

With places and events, Ukrainian often uses на where English uses at:

• на ринку = at the market
• на концерті = at the concert
• на вокзалі = at the station

So in this sentence, на should be understood as at, not literally on.

Here are the basic forms:

• на = preposition, at / on
• фермерському → dictionary form фермерський = farmers’ / farming-related
• ринку → dictionary form ринок = market
• є = is / are / there is / there are
• ваги = scales

So the sentence is built from very common pieces: [at] + [farmers’ market in locative] + [there are] + [scales]