Восьмий урок складний.

The eighth lesson is difficult.

Breakdown of Восьмий урок складний.

• урок: the lesson
• складний: difficult
• восьмий: eighth

Questions & Answers about Восьмий урок складний.

Why is there no separate word for is in this sentence?

In the present tense, Ukrainian usually omits the verb to be.

So:

• Восьмий урок складний. = The eighth lesson is difficult.

There is no present-tense є here in normal usage. A literal word-for-word structure is more like:

• eighth lesson difficult

This is completely normal in Ukrainian.

In other tenses, a form of to be does appear:

• Восьмий урок був складний. = The eighth lesson was difficult.
• Восьмий урок буде складний. = The eighth lesson will be difficult.

What part of speech is восьмий?

Восьмий is an ordinal number, but grammatically it behaves like an adjective.

It means eighth, not eight.

Compare:

• вісім = eight
• восьмий = eighth

Because it behaves like an adjective, it changes form to agree with the noun it describes.

Here it describes урок, so it is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

That is why the form is восьмий.