Çocuk hapşırınca herkes çok yaşa dedi.

Hapşırınca means when he/she sneezed or upon sneezing.

It is built from:

• hapşırmak = to sneeze
• -ınca / -ince / -unca / -ünce = a suffix meaning when, once, after

So:

• hapşırınca = when (someone) sneezes / sneezed

In this sentence, it connects the two actions:

• Çocuk hapşırınca = When the child sneezed
• herkes çok yaşa dedi = everyone said “bless you” / “live long”

The suffix -ınca creates a time clause. It often means:

• when
• once
• after

Examples:

• Gelince haber ver. = Let me know when you come.
• Eve gidince aradım. = I called when/after I got home.
• Çocuk hapşırınca herkes çok yaşa dedi. = When the child sneezed, everyone said “çok yaşa.”

It is a very common and natural way to say when X happened in Turkish.

Because herkes is grammatically singular in Turkish, even though it refers to many people.

So Turkish says:

• Herkes geldi. = Everyone came.
• Herkes biliyor. = Everyone knows.
• Herkes çok yaşa dedi. = Everyone said “çok yaşa.”

A native English speaker may expect a plural verb because the meaning is plural, but Turkish normally treats herkes as singular.

Literally, çok yaşa means live long or may you live a lot/long time.

Parts:

• çok = much / a lot
• yaşa = live! (imperative of yaşamak, to live)

But in real usage, çok yaşa is the common thing people say after someone sneezes, like:

• Bless you!
• Gesundheit!

So the literal meaning and the natural meaning are not exactly the same.

Yes. Yaşa is the second-person singular imperative of yaşamak (to live).

So grammatically it means:

• yaşa = live!

In the expression çok yaşa, it is not a command in the ordinary sense. It is more like a fixed good-wish expression.

Similar idea in English:

• Have a nice day
• Take care
• Bless you

These are grammatically one thing, but function as social expressions.

In Turkish, quotation marks are often omitted in simple sentences with reported direct speech, especially in everyday writing.

So all of these are possible:

• Çocuk hapşırınca herkes çok yaşa dedi.
• Çocuk hapşırınca herkes “çok yaşa” dedi.
• Çocuk hapşırınca herkes, “Çok yaşa!” dedi.

The version without quotation marks is still completely understandable.

The sentence is ordered very naturally for Turkish:

• Çocuk hapşırınca = time clause first
• herkes = subject of the main clause
• çok yaşa = what they said
• dedi = verb

So the structure is roughly:

When the child sneezed, everyone said “çok yaşa.”

Turkish often puts the main verb at the end, and earlier parts of the sentence set up the context first.

The subject is çocuk.

So:

• Çocuk hapşırınca = when the child sneezed

Then the main clause has a different subject:

• herkes çok yaşa dedi = everyone said “çok yaşa”

So there are really two parts:

1. the child sneezed
2. everyone said “çok yaşa”

Yes, depending on context, -ınca can be more general and not strictly tied to one tense in the way English is.

So hapşırınca can mean:

• when the child sneezed
• when the child sneezes
• whenever the child sneezes

But in this full sentence, dedi is past tense, so the most natural reading is:

• When the child sneezed, everyone said “çok yaşa.”

Yes. A common alternative is hapşırdığında.

Compare:

• Çocuk hapşırınca herkes çok yaşa dedi.
• Çocuk hapşırdığında herkes çok yaşa dedi.

Both can mean When the child sneezed, everyone said “çok yaşa.”

Very roughly:

• -ınca often feels a bit shorter, more direct, and very common in everyday speech
• -dığında can feel a bit more explicit or formal depending on context

Both are correct.

Here it means said.

• demek = to say
• dedi = he/she said

Since there is no person marked as the listener, English said is the best translation.

If Turkish wanted to express told someone, it would usually show that person:

• Bana dedi. = He/she told me / said to me.

But in this sentence:

• herkes çok yaşa dedi = everyone said “çok yaşa”

Because Turkish often leaves subjects unstated when they are already clear from context.

Here, çocuk gives the subject, so there is no need to add a pronoun.

Turkish does this all the time:

• Ali gelince başladık. = When Ali came, we started.
• Çocuk hapşırınca herkes çok yaşa dedi. = When the child sneezed, everyone said “çok yaşa.”

Adding a pronoun would usually be unnecessary.

Yes, it is the standard expression.

After someone sneezes, people commonly say:

• Çok yaşa!

A traditional reply from the person who sneezed is:

• Sen de gör.

So this sentence is culturally very natural.

Because çocuk is the subject of the subordinate clause, not the object.

In:

• Çocuk hapşırınca...

çocuk is the one doing the sneezing.

So it stays in the basic dictionary form, often called the nominative form.

If it were the object, it might take an accusative ending in the right context, but not here.

A natural English translation would be:

• When the child sneezed, everyone said, “Bless you.”

A more literal translation would be:

• When the child sneezed, everyone said, “Live long.”

But in normal English, Bless you is the best equivalent because it matches the social meaning, not just the literal words.