Toplantı bitince hesap makinesi dosyasını e-posta ile gönderdim.

Bitince comes from the verb bitmek, meaning to end or to be finished.

Breakdown:

• bit- = the verb stem
• -ince = a suffix meaning when, once, or after

So toplantı bitince means when the meeting ended, once the meeting was over, or after the meeting ended, depending on context.

In Turkish, the subject is often built into the verb, so you do not need to say ben unless you want emphasis.

Here, gönderdim already means I sent.

Breakdown:

• gönder- = send
• -di = past tense
• -m = I

So Turkish does not need a separate pronoun the way English usually does.

Gönderdim means I sent.

It breaks down like this:

• gönder- = send
• -di = past tense
• -m = first person singular

So the whole verb means I sent.

Dosyasını can be broken down as:

• dosya = file
• -sı = a noun-compound ending
• -nı = accusative ending, marking it as a specific direct object

So:

• dosyası = its file / the file of X / X file
• dosyasını = the specific X file as the object of the verb

In this sentence, hesap makinesi dosyası is a noun compound, so Turkish puts this -sı ending on the second noun.

Not necessarily. This is a very common learner question.

In many cases, -sı / -si / -su / -sü can be a possessive ending, but in noun compounds it is also just a normal structural marker.

For example:

• telefon numarası = phone number
• otobüs durağı = bus stop
• hesap makinesi dosyası = calculator file

So here, dosyası does not have to mean his/her file. It is simply how Turkish builds this kind of compound.

The accusative in Turkish usually marks a definite or specific direct object.

So:

• dosya = a file / file in general
• dosyayı or, in this compound structure, dosyasını = the file, a specific file

Since the speaker is talking about a particular file that they sent, the accusative is natural here.

Hesap makinesi literally means calculation machine, and it is the normal Turkish word for calculator.

It is written as two words because it is a noun phrase made of:

• hesap = calculation/account
• makine = machine
• hesap makinesi = calculator

This is very normal in Turkish. Many everyday nouns are built this way.

Literally, it means calculator file or the file for the calculator.

Grammatically, it is built like this:

• hesap makinesi = calculator
• dosyası = its file / calculator file

So the whole phrase is a compound meaning the calculator file. The exact real-world meaning depends on context, but the grammar is the important part here.

E-posta ile means by email or via email.

The word ile means with or by means of. In this sentence, it shows the method used to send the file.

You can also say:

• e-posta ile
• e-postayla

These mean the same thing. The second form is a contracted version, and the y appears to link the sounds smoothly.

Because toplantı is the subject of the subordinate clause bitince.

In toplantı bitince, the meaning is when the meeting ended.
Here:

• toplantı = the meeting
• bitince = when it ended / when it was over

Turkish often leaves the subject in its plain dictionary form unless another case ending is needed.

Turkish normally prefers verb-final word order.

So a very typical pattern is:

• time expression
• object
• method/instrument
• verb

That is exactly what happens here:

• Toplantı bitince = when the meeting ended
• hesap makinesi dosyasını = the calculator file
• e-posta ile = by email
• gönderdim = I sent

English usually puts the verb earlier, but Turkish commonly saves it for the end.

Yes. Both are natural, but they are slightly different in feel.

• Toplantı bitince = when the meeting ended / once the meeting was over
• Toplantı bittikten sonra = after the meeting ended

Bitince is shorter and very common in everyday Turkish.
Bittikten sonra is a little more explicit about the after relationship.

In this sentence, either one could work.