Arkadaşım da bugün gelmiyor.

today

Breakdown of Arkadaşım da bugün gelmiyor.

• benim: my
• arkadaş: the friend
• gelmek: to come

Questions & Answers about Arkadaşım da bugün gelmiyor.

What does arkadaşım break down into?

It is:

• arkadaş = friend
• -ım = my

So arkadaşım means my friend.

Turkish often shows possession by adding an ending directly to the noun, instead of using a separate word like my.

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Why is the ending -ım used here, not some other form?

This is because of vowel harmony.

The possessive ending for my can appear in different forms, such as:

• -ım
• -im
• -um
• -üm

The word arkadaş has the vowel a, which is a back vowel, so the correct form is -ım.

That is why you get arkadaşım.

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What does da mean in this sentence?

Here da means too / also / as well.

So it adds the idea that my friend is included along with someone else already mentioned.

In English, in a negative sentence, this is often translated as either:

• My friend isn’t coming today either.

But in Turkish, the same word da/de is used in both positive and negative contexts:

• positive: too / also
• negative: often translated as either

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Why is written separately?