Dedem sabah erkenden yürüyüşe çıktı.

Because dedem is made of:

• dede = grandfather
• -m = my

So:

• dede = grandfather
• dedem = my grandfather

In Turkish, family words very often take a possessive ending like this, and the separate word benim (my) is usually not needed unless you want extra emphasis.

Turkish usually shows possession with an ending on the noun itself.

So instead of saying something like my grandfather with a separate word, Turkish often says:

• dedem = my grandfather

You could say benim dedem, but that is more emphatic, like my grandfather specifically.

Here sabah means in the morning or simply morning.

In Turkish, time expressions often appear without a preposition. English needs in the morning, but Turkish can just say:

• sabah = in the morning

So the sentence does not need a separate word for in.

They are related, but not the same:

• sabah = morning
• erkenden = early / quite early / early on

So together sabah erkenden means something like:

• early in the morning
• very early in the morning

They are not redundant. One tells you when in the day, and the other tells you how early.

Erkenden comes from erken (early).

The form erkenden is an adverb meaning:

• early
• quite early
• at an early hour
• early on

It often sounds a bit stronger or more natural in context than just erken.

For example:

• sabah erken = early in the morning
• sabah erkenden = very early in the morning / nice and early in the morning

Because the verb çıkmak often takes the dative case (-e / -a) in this expression.

• yürüyüş = walk, stroll
• yürüyüşe = to/for a walk

The phrase yürüyüşe çıkmak means:

• to go out for a walk
• to go walking

So the -e is important here.

As a whole, yürüyüşe çıkmak is a set expression meaning:

• to go out for a walk
• to go walking

Literally, çıkmak means to go out / exit, but in this phrase it has the more natural meaning go out for a walk.

So it is better to learn yürüyüşe çıkmak as a chunk, not word-by-word only.

Çıktı is the 3rd person singular simple past form of çıkmak (to go out / to leave / to come out).

Breakdown:

• çık- = verb stem
• -tı = past tense ending

So çıktı means:

• he/she/it went out
• he/she/it left

In this sentence, because the subject is dedem, it means:

• my grandfather went out / went for a walk

Because Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when the subject is already clear.

Here the subject is explicitly stated as dedem, so there is no need to add o (he/she/it).

Turkish commonly does this:

• Dedem çıktı. = My grandfather went out.
• not usually Dedem o çıktı.

The noun itself already tells us who did the action.

Turkish word order is more flexible than English, but this sentence uses a very natural, neutral order.

• Dedem = subject
• sabah erkenden = time expression
• yürüyüşe = purpose/direction phrase
• çıktı = verb

A very important point is that the verb often comes at the end in standard Turkish sentences.

You may see other orders for emphasis, but this version sounds normal and straightforward.

Yes, but the meaning and feel are a little different.

• yürüyüşe çıktı = he went out for a walk
• yürüyüş yaptı = he took a walk / he did walking exercise

Yürüyüşe çıkmak emphasizes going out for the walk.
Yürüyüş yapmak emphasizes the activity of walking itself.

In this sentence, yürüyüşe çıktı is very natural.

Because Turkish typically places the main verb at the end in ordinary statements.

So:

• Dedem = my grandfather
• sabah erkenden = early in the morning
• yürüyüşe = for a walk
• çıktı = went out

This end position for the verb is one of the most important sentence patterns in Turkish.

Yes, in this kind of sentence sabah erkenden sounds very natural in Turkish.

English often says:

• early in the morning

Turkish commonly expresses that as:

• sabah erkenden

A phrase like erken sabah may be understandable in some contexts, but sabah erkenden is the more idiomatic choice here.

No. Turkish does not use articles the way English does.

So Turkish can simply say:

• yürüyüşe çıktı

and English may translate that as:

• went for a walk
• went out for a walk

The a in English is added in translation, not because there is a separate Turkish word for it.

A helpful breakdown is:

• Dedem = my grandfather
• sabah = in the morning
• erkenden = early / quite early
• yürüyüşe = for a walk
• çıktı = went out

So the whole sentence is literally something like:

• My grandfather, early in the morning, went out for a walk.

A natural English translation would be:

• My grandfather went out for a walk early in the morning.