Ben bu şarkıyı dinleyince duygulanıyorum.

Yes, it can usually be left out.

Turkish verbs already show the subject, and duygulanıyorum means I get emotional / I am moved, so ben is not required for basic grammar. The sentence could naturally be:

Bu şarkıyı dinleyince duygulanıyorum.

Including ben adds emphasis, contrast, or clarity, something like:

• I get emotional when I listen to this song.
• As for me, this song moves me.

So ben is optional here.

Bu şarkıyı means this song as the direct object of the verb.

• bu = this
• şarkı = song
• şarkıyı = the/this song in the accusative form

Turkish does not have a separate word exactly like English the. Definiteness is often shown by context, demonstratives like bu, or the accusative ending on direct objects.

So in this sentence, bu şarkıyı clearly refers to a specific song: this song.

Because it is a specific direct object, so it takes the accusative ending.

The base noun is:

• şarkı = song

The accusative ending here is -yı:

• şarkı + yı → şarkıyı

Why -yı?

1. The noun ends in a vowel, so Turkish inserts a buffer y
2. The accusative vowel follows vowel harmony, so after ı, the matching form is -ı

So:

• şarkıyı dinlemek = to listen to this/the song

If you said just şarkı without the accusative, it would sound more indefinite or generic, which is not what this sentence is doing.

Dinleyince means something like:

• when I listen
• when listening
• whenever I listen
• sometimes once I listen

In this sentence, the most natural sense is:

When/Whenever I listen to this song, I get emotional.

It comes from the verb dinlemek (to listen) plus the suffix -ince/-ınca, which creates a time clause.

So:

• dinle- = listen
• dinleyince = when/once/whenever (someone) listens

Here it introduces the situation that triggers the emotion.

Because the verb stem dinle- ends in a vowel.

When certain suffixes are added after a vowel, Turkish often uses a buffer consonant to make pronunciation smoother. Here, that buffer is y:

• dinle + ince would be awkward
• so it becomes dinleyince

This is very common in Turkish.

For example:

• anla + ınca → anlayınca
• başla + ınca → başlayınca

So the y is not part of the root; it is just there to connect the parts smoothly.

It can be broken down like this:

• duygulan- = to become emotional / to be moved
• -ıyor = present continuous marker
• -um = I

So:

• duygulanıyorum = I am getting emotional / I get emotional

In natural English, this sentence is usually translated with a simple present idea:

I get emotional when I listen to this song.

But grammatically, Turkish is using the -iyor form.

Because in Turkish, the present continuous often covers meanings that English expresses with the simple present.

So duygulanıyorum here does not have to mean only right now, at this exact moment. It can also express a repeated or typical reaction:

• Whenever I listen to this song, I get emotional.

This is very natural in Turkish, especially with feelings, reactions, and personal experiences.

A form like duygulanırım is possible in some contexts, but duygulanıyorum sounds very natural for this kind of emotional response.

By context.

The -ince/-ınca form itself does not show person directly. So dinleyince by itself could mean:

• when I listen
• when you listen
• when he/she listens
• when we/they listen

In this sentence, the main verb is duygulanıyorum (I get emotional), so the most natural interpretation is that the same person is doing the listening:

When I listen to this song, I get emotional.

So the subject is understood from the whole sentence, not from dinleyince alone.

No, Turkish word order is flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

This sentence has a very natural order:

Ben bu şarkıyı dinleyince duygulanıyorum.

A very common version is simply:

Bu şarkıyı dinleyince duygulanıyorum.

You could also move ben around for emphasis, but the most neutral position for it is at the beginning.

In Turkish, the main verb usually comes at the end, and that is what happens here with duygulanıyorum.

Yes, you often can.

Compare:

• Bu şarkıyı dinleyince duygulanıyorum.
• Bu şarkıyı dinlediğimde duygulanıyorum.

Both can mean When I listen to this song, I get emotional.

A rough difference is:

• dinleyince often feels a bit more like when/once/whenever I listen, with a triggered-result feeling
• dinlediğimde is a bit more neutral: when I listen / when I am in the situation of listening

In many everyday contexts, both are fine. But dinleyince is very natural for a reaction that happens as a result of hearing the song.