İnşallah hafta sonu hava güzel olur da göletin yanında piknik yaparız.

İnşallah literally means if God wills, and it comes from Arabic. In modern Turkish, it is extremely common in everyday speech and often simply means hopefully or I hope so.

So in this sentence, it adds the idea of a wish or hope:

• İnşallah... = Hopefully...

It can sound religious in some contexts, but very often it is just a normal everyday expression, even among speakers who are not being especially religious.

Hafta sonu is a fixed expression meaning the weekend or at the weekend / this weekend, depending on context.

• hafta = week
• son = end
• hafta sonu = weekend

By contrast, hafta sonunda means more literally at the end of the week.

So:

• hafta sonu = the weekend
• hafta sonunda = at the end of the week

In your sentence, hafta sonu is the natural choice because the speaker means the weekend in general, not specifically the very end point of the week.

The form olur is the aorist of olmak (to be / to become / to happen). The Turkish aorist has several uses, and one of them is to express something expected, possible, or natural in the future.

Here:

• hava güzel olur literally looks like the weather becomes/is nice
• but in context it means the weather will be nice or the weather is nice

After İnşallah, this sounds like a hopeful expectation:

• İnşallah hafta sonu hava güzel olur...
• Hopefully the weather will be nice this weekend...

Turkish often uses the aorist where English prefers will.

Both can work in some contexts, but they are not exactly the same in tone.

• hava güzel olacak = the weather will be nice
  This sounds more direct and definite.

• hava güzel olur = the weather turns out nice / is nice / will hopefully be nice
  This sounds less definite and more like a wish, expectation, or possibility.

Because the sentence begins with İnşallah, olur fits very naturally. It matches the idea of hoping for a result rather than stating a firm prediction.

This da is a very common connecting particle. In this sentence, it gives a sense like:

• and then
• so that
• if only ... then
• provided that

So:

• hava güzel olur da göletin yanında piknik yaparız

means something like:

• if the weather is nice, then we’ll have a picnic by the pond
• hopefully the weather is nice so that we can have a picnic by the pond

It is not exactly the basic and you learn first. Here it helps connect the first event as a desired condition for the second event.

Yes, in practice it often works like a little expression.

olur da can suggest:

• if it happens that...
• if ... works out
• if ... turns out to be the case

In your sentence:

• hava güzel olur da...
• if the weather turns out nice...

So even though there is no explicit conditional suffix like -se/-sa, the combination olur da creates a similar effect.

There could be. Turkish has more than one way to express this kind of meaning.

For example:

• İnşallah hafta sonu hava güzel olursa göletin yanında piknik yaparız.
• Hopefully, if the weather is nice this weekend, we’ll have a picnic by the pond.

That is perfectly understandable.

But olur da is a more conversational, softer, and slightly more idiomatic way to say it here. It sounds like the speaker is hoping circumstances work out.

So:

• olursa = clearer, straightforward if
• olur da = more natural in this hopeful, conversational sentence

This means beside the pond.

Breakdown:

• gölet = pond / small lake
• göletin = of the pond
• yanında = at its side / beside it / next to it

Turkish often uses a noun in the genitive plus a postposition-like form such as yanında.

So:

• göletin yanında = by the pond / beside the pond

This is different from English because English usually just uses a preposition (by, beside, next to), while Turkish often builds the idea through possession-like structure.

It comes from yan (side) plus possessive and case endings.

Very roughly:

• yan = side
• yanı = its side
• yanında = at/on/by its side

When used with another noun, that noun usually takes the genitive:

• evin yanında = beside the house
• okulun yanında = beside the school
• göletin yanında = beside the pond

This is a very common pattern in Turkish.

In Turkish, many activities are expressed with yapmak (to do / to make) rather than with a single verb.

So:

• piknik yapmak = to have a picnic / to go on a picnic

That is the normal expression.

So:

• piknik yaparız = we have a picnic / we’ll have a picnic

Even though English uses have here, Turkish uses do/make.

Yes, literally yaparız is the 1st person plural aorist form of yapmak:

• we do
• we make
• we usually do

But the Turkish aorist is very flexible. In sentences like this, it can refer to a future result, especially after a condition or a hoped-for situation.

So here:

• hava güzel olur da ... piknik yaparız
• if the weather is nice ... we’ll have a picnic

This is very natural Turkish. English uses will, but Turkish often uses the aorist in this kind of sentence.

It breaks down like this:

• yap- = do / make
• -ar- = aorist marker
• -ız = we

So:

• yaparız = we do / we will do / we would do, depending on context

In this sentence, context makes it future:

• we’ll have a picnic

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although each version can slightly change the emphasis.

The original:

• İnşallah hafta sonu hava güzel olur da göletin yanında piknik yaparız.

This is very natural.

You could also say:

• İnşallah göletin yanında hafta sonu piknik yaparız, hava da güzel olur.
• Hafta sonu hava güzel olur da inşallah göletin yanında piknik yaparız.

But these versions shift emphasis and may sound less natural depending on the context.

The original order is good because it first states the hope about the weather, then gives the desired result: the picnic.

Not exactly.

• göl = lake
• gölet = pond / small lake / artificial lake

So gölet usually suggests something smaller than a göl. In English, pond is often the best translation, though sometimes small lake also works depending on the place.

It sounds natural and conversational.

A native speaker would understand it as something like:

• a hopeful comment
• a casual plan depending on the weather
• a friendly, everyday sentence

The combination of İnşallah, olur da, and the aorist forms gives it a soft, natural tone:

• Hopefully the weather will be nice this weekend so we can have a picnic by the pond.

That is very typical spoken Turkish.