İnek sessizce yemek yiyor, keçi ise çitin yanında durmadan hareket ediyor.

Because yemek here means food / a meal, so yemek yiyor literally means is eating food.

Turkish often uses yemek yemek as a normal expression for to eat. If the object is obvious or unimportant, you can also just say yiyor.

There is also a useful detail here:

• yemek can mean food
• yemek can also be the dictionary form to eat

In yemek yiyor, the first yemek is the noun food, not the infinitive.

Because the object is being used in a general, non-specific way.

In Turkish:

• yemek yiyor = eating food / eating
• yemeği yiyor = eating the food / eating a specific meal

This is a very common Turkish pattern. A bare object often means something indefinite or general, while the accusative-marked form often means something specific and identifiable.

The present continuous is usually formed with:

verb stem + -(I)yor

The vowel changes by vowel harmony:

• -ıyor
• -iyor
• -uyor
• -üyor

Examples from the sentence:

• yi-yor → yiyor = is eating
• ed-iyor → ediyor = is doing

And because the subject is third person singular (inek, keçi), there is no extra personal ending you need to notice here.

So:

• inek ... yiyor = the cow is eating
• keçi ... hareket ediyor = the goat is moving

Because hareket etmek is a standard Turkish verb phrase meaning to move.

It is made from:

• hareket = movement
• etmek = to do / to make

So literally it is something like to do movement, but in natural Turkish it simply means to move.

This pattern is very common in Turkish, especially with nouns of Arabic or Persian origin:

• yardım etmek = to help
• fark etmek = to notice
• hareket etmek = to move

So hareket ediyor is completely normal and natural.

ise adds contrast. Here it means something like:

• as for the goat
• whereas the goat
• the goat, on the other hand

So the sentence contrasts the two animals:

• the cow is doing one thing
• the goat, by contrast, is doing something else

It is softer and more contrastive than simply using ve (and).

You may also see it written attached in some contexts, such as keçiyse, especially in more informal or flowing usage.

sessizce means quietly or silently.

It comes from:

• sessiz = quiet, silent
• -ce / -ca = in a ... way

So sessizce literally means in a quiet way.

This suffix is often used to make adverbs:

• yavaş → yavaşça = slowly
• dostça = in a friendly way
• çocukça = childishly / in a childish way

So sessizce yemek yiyor means the cow is eating quietly.

durmadan means without stopping or more naturally here constantly / nonstop.

It comes from the verb:

• durmak = to stop / to stand still

The form -madan / -meden means without doing something.

So:

• durmadan = without stopping

In the sentence:

• durmadan hareket ediyor = is moving without stopping

This is a very useful structure in Turkish:

• konuşmadan çıktı = he/she left without speaking
• bakmadan geçti = he/she passed by without looking

Because Turkish uses a possessive-type structure with words like yan (side).

Here is the breakdown:

• çit = fence
• çitin = of the fence
• yanı = its side
• yanında = at/on/by its side

So çitin yanında literally means something like at the fence’s side, which is how Turkish says next to the fence / by the fence.

This structure is very common:

• evin önünde = in front of the house
• masanın altında = under the table
• arabanın yanında = next to the car

So even though English uses a preposition, Turkish often uses this noun-based structure.

Yes, but Turkish word order is also flexible.

A very neutral pattern is for the verb to come at the end of each clause, which is exactly what happens here:

• İnek sessizce yemek yiyor
• keçi ise çitin yanında durmadan hareket ediyor

That said, Turkish can move parts around for emphasis or topic. For example, the location or adverb might be moved earlier if the speaker wants to highlight it.

Still, the most important thing to notice is this:

• Turkish strongly prefers the verb near the end
• elements before the verb can be rearranged more freely than in English

Because Turkish does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So:

• inek can mean the cow, a cow, or just cow, depending on context
• keçi can mean the goat, a goat, or just goat

If Turkish wants to emphasize a/an, it often uses bir:

• bir inek = a cow
• bir keçi = a goat

But very often Turkish simply uses the bare noun and lets context do the work.

The comma separates two related clauses:

• İnek sessizce yemek yiyor
• keçi ise çitin yanında durmadan hareket ediyor

In English, you might join them with and, while, or whereas. In Turkish, the contrast is already shown by ise, so the comma helps mark the pause between the two parts.

It is a natural way to write this kind of two-part comparison.