Yola erken çıkmakta fayda var; çiftliğe giden yol hafta sonu kalabalık oluyor.

Yola çıkmak is a very common expression meaning to set out, to leave for a trip, or to hit the road.

Literally, it looks like to go out onto the road, but in normal Turkish it is understood idiomatically as starting a journey.

• çıkmak = to go out, to leave
• yola çıkmak = to set off on the road / begin traveling

So this is more specific than just çıkmak.
For example:

• Erken çıktık. = We left early.
• Yola erken çıktık. = We set off early / We started the trip early.

Because yola çıkmak uses the dative case: -a / -e.

Here:

• yol = road
• yola = to the road / onto the road

In this fixed expression, the dative is part of the normal pattern. Turkish often uses case endings in places where English uses a preposition or simply a set phrase.

So:

• yola çıkmak = to set out
• not yol çıkmak

This is something you usually learn as a whole expression.

...makta fayda var is a common Turkish structure meaning:

• it is useful to ...
• it is a good idea to ...
• you’d better ...

So:

• Yola erken çıkmakta fayda var.
  = It’s a good idea to leave early / Better to set off early.

Literally, fayda var means there is benefit.
So the whole structure is roughly there is benefit in leaving early.

It is often used for advice or practical recommendations.

More examples:

• Yanına su almakta fayda var. = It’s a good idea to take water with you.
• Erken rezervasyon yapmakta fayda var. = It’s wise to book early.

This is part of the fixed expression -makta fayda var.

Historically and grammatically, -makta is built from the verbal noun -mak plus the locative ending -ta/-te, but as a learner, the most useful thing is to recognize the whole pattern:

• gitmekte fayda var
• beklemekte fayda var
• kontrol etmekte fayda var

It often sounds a little more set or formal than simpler alternatives like:

• Erken çıkmak iyi olur. = It would be good to leave early.

Both are natural, but -makta fayda var is a very common advice pattern.

This is a participle structure.

• gitmek = to go
• giden = going / that goes
• çiftliğe giden yol = the road that goes to the farm / the road leading to the farm

Turkish often uses participles instead of relative clauses with that, which, or who.

So instead of saying something like:

• çiftliğe gidiyor olan yol

Turkish naturally says:

• çiftliğe giden yol

A few similar examples:

• okula giden çocuk = the child who goes to school
• burada çalışan kadın = the woman who works here
• dün aldığım kitap = the book that I bought yesterday

Because gitmek takes the dative case for destination.

• çiftlik = farm
• çiftliğe = to the farm

Just as you say:

• Çiftliğe gidiyorum. = I’m going to the farm.

you also say:

• çiftliğe giden yol = the road that goes to the farm

The participle giden keeps the same relationship that the verb gitmek normally has with its destination.

Because olmak is being used to express a repeated or situational state: it gets/is crowded.

• kalabalık = crowded / crowd
• kalabalık olmak = to be crowded, to become crowded

So:

• yol kalabalık = the road is crowded
• yol kalabalık oluyor = the road gets crowded / tends to be crowded

In this sentence, the idea is not just a timeless description of the road, but a repeated weekend situation. That is why oluyor sounds natural.

Both can be possible in some contexts, but oluyor is very natural here because it suggests a regularly observed situation:

• hafta sonu kalabalık oluyor = it gets crowded on weekends / it tends to be crowded on weekends

The -iyor form in Turkish is not only for actions happening right now. It is also often used for recurring real-life situations, especially when something ends up in a certain state.

Compare:

• Yazın buralar çok sıcak olur. = These places are very hot in summer.
  More general fact.
• Akşamları trafik yoğun oluyor. = Traffic gets heavy in the evenings.
  More like an observed recurring pattern.

So oluyor here feels conversational and natural.

Here hafta sonu is being used as a time expression, meaning on the weekend or at the weekend.

Turkish often uses time words adverbially without adding a case ending:

• yarın = tomorrow
• gece = at night
• sabah = in the morning
• hafta sonu = on the weekend

So:

• Hafta sonu geliyorum. = I’m coming on the weekend.
• Hafta sonu kalabalık oluyor. = It gets crowded on the weekend / at weekends.

If you want to emphasize repeated weekends more clearly, Turkish also often uses:

• hafta sonları = on weekends

So a very similar version would be:

• çiftliğe giden yol hafta sonları kalabalık oluyor

No, Turkish word order is fairly flexible, although some versions sound more natural than others.

The original sentence is very natural:

• Yola erken çıkmakta fayda var; çiftliğe giden yol hafta sonu kalabalık oluyor.

But you could also say:

• Hafta sonu çiftliğe giden yol kalabalık oluyor.
• Çiftliğe giden yol hafta sonu kalabalık oluyor.
• Erken yola çıkmakta fayda var.

The main thing that stays the same is the grammatical marking from the suffixes, especially:

• yola with dative
• çiftliğe with dative
• giden modifying yol

That is why Turkish can move parts around more freely than English.

The semicolon links two closely related statements:

1. Yola erken çıkmakta fayda var.
2. Çiftliğe giden yol hafta sonu kalabalık oluyor.

The second clause explains why leaving early is a good idea.

In English, you might use:

• a semicolon
• a dash
• or even because

For example, the logic is:

• It’s a good idea to leave early; the road to the farm gets crowded on weekends.

So the punctuation helps show that the second clause gives the reason for the first.