Komodindeki gözlüğümü bulamayınca biraz panik oldum.

Yes:

• komodindeki = the one on/in/at the nightstand/dresser
• gözlüğümü = my glasses / my pair of glasses (as the definite object)
• bulamayınca = when I couldn’t find
• biraz = a little / a bit
• panik oldum = I panicked / literally I became panicked

So the structure is basically:

Komodindeki gözlüğümü bulamayınca
When I couldn’t find my glasses on the nightstand,

biraz panik oldum.
I panicked a bit.

Komodindeki is built like this:

• komodin = nightstand / bedside table / dresser
• komodinde = on/in/at the nightstand
  (the ending -de is the locative suffix)
• komodindeki = the one that is on/in/at the nightstand
  (the ending -ki turns that location phrase into something that can describe a noun)

So:

• komodindeki gözlük = the glasses on the nightstand

This -ki structure is very common in Turkish:

• masadaki kitap = the book on the table
• çantadaki anahtar = the key in the bag
• evdeki insanlar = the people at home

The suffix -ki means something like the one in/on/at... and turns a location phrase into an adjective-like modifier.

Compare:

• komodinde = on the nightstand
• komodindeki gözlük = the glasses that are on the nightstand

So -ki is a very useful shortcut instead of a longer relative-clause structure.

In English, we often need words like that is, but Turkish can often do it just with -ki.

Because gözlüğümü includes both:

1. my
2. the accusative ending, because it is the direct object of bulmak (to find)

Here is the build-up:

• gözlük = glasses / pair of glasses
• gözlüğüm = my glasses
• gözlüğümü = my glasses (as a specific object that I couldn’t find)

So:

• gözlüğüm = my glasses
• gözlüğümü buldum = I found my glasses

The final -ü is the accusative marker here.

This is a common Turkish sound change called consonant softening.

The word ends in -k:

• gözlük

When a vowel-starting suffix is added, the k often softens to ğ:

• gözlük
  • -üm → gözlüğüm
• gözlüğüm
  • -ü → gözlüğümü

So the spelling change is normal and very common in Turkish.

Other examples:

• çocuk → çocuğu
• renk → rengi
• yemek → yemeği

Because Turkish often uses the singular gözlük to mean a pair of glasses.

So:

• gözlük = glasses / a pair of glasses
• gözlükler would mean multiple pairs of glasses

This is different from English, where glasses is grammatically plural even for one pair.

Bulamayınca means when I couldn’t find (it) or upon not being able to find (it).

It contains:

• bul- = find
• -ama- = not be able to
• -yınca = when / once / upon

So the sense is not just not finding, but being unable to find.

In this sentence, that fits naturally: the speaker looked for the glasses, couldn’t find them, and then panicked a little.

Because bulamayınca emphasizes inability:

• bulmayınca = when (someone) doesn’t find / when not finding
• bulamayınca = when (someone) can’t find

In this sentence, the idea is:

• I tried to find my glasses
• I couldn’t
• so I panicked a bit

That is why bulamayınca is a better fit than bulmayınca.

Turkish often uses a noun + olmak structure where English uses a single verb or adjective.

Here:

• panik = panic
• panik olmak = to panic / to become panicked
• panik oldum = I panicked

This is very natural Turkish.

You may also hear forms like panikledim, but panik oldum is a very standard and common way to say it.

Biraz means a little or a bit.

So:

• panik oldum = I panicked
• biraz panik oldum = I panicked a bit

It softens the statement. The speaker is not saying they went into full extreme panic, just that they became somewhat anxious or alarmed.

Because Turkish often leaves the subject out when it is already clear from the verb ending.

Here:

• oldum = I became / I was
• the ending -um shows first person singular

So Turkish does not need ben unless the speaker wants emphasis.

Also, my is built into gözlüğümü through the possessive ending, so there is no separate word like English my either.

Yes, it is very normal.

The sentence is:

Komodindeki gözlüğümü bulamayınca biraz panik oldum.

A natural way to see the structure is:

• Komodindeki gözlüğümü bulamayınca = When I couldn’t find my glasses on the nightstand
• biraz panik oldum = I panicked a bit

Turkish commonly puts the when-clause before the main clause.

Also, in Turkish, the object usually comes before the verb:

• gözlüğümü bulamayınca
  literally: my glasses couldn’t-find-when

So the word order may feel different from English, but it is very natural in Turkish.

Turkish -de / -da is a general location ending, so it can correspond to in, on, or at in English depending on context.

So:

• masada = on the table
• çantada = in the bag
• evde = at home / in the house

With komodin, English would often say on the nightstand if the glasses are on top of it. Turkish still just uses the same locative ending.

So komodindeki gözlüğüm most naturally means my glasses on the nightstand.