Pazardan kayısı ve mandalina aldım; mutfak şimdi çok güzel kokuyor.

Because -dan / -den means from.

• pazar = market
• pazardan = from the market

So Pazardan kayısı ve mandalina aldım literally means I bought apricots and mandarins from the market.

The ending changes by vowel harmony:

• -dan
• -den
• and after some consonants, -tan / -ten

Here, pazar becomes pazardan.

Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when the verb already shows who the subject is.

• aldım = I bought
• The ending -ım / -im / -um / -üm here shows first person singular: I

So Turkish does not need ben unless you want extra emphasis.

• (Ben) aldım = I bought

Both are correct, but ben is often omitted.

Aldım comes from the verb almak, which means to take / to buy.

It breaks down like this:

• al- = verb stem
• -dı- = past tense
• -m = I

So:

• aldım = I bought / I took

The d can appear as d or t depending on sound harmony in other verbs, but here it is d.

They are the direct objects of aldım, but here they are indefinite / non-specific.

In Turkish, indefinite plural or mass-like objects often appear without the accusative ending.

• kayısı ve mandalina aldım = I bought apricots and mandarins
• This sounds like some apricots and some mandarins, not necessarily specific ones already known to the listener.

If the speaker meant specific fruit, Turkish might use the accusative:

• kayısıyı ve mandalinayı aldım = I bought the apricot(s) and the mandarin(s) / I bought those specific ones

Turkish has no direct equivalent of English articles a/an/the.

Instead, Turkish usually shows definiteness or indefiniteness through:

• context
• word order
• case endings
• words like bir when needed

So:

• mandalina aldım = I bought mandarins / some mandarins
• bir mandalina aldım = I bought a mandarin
• mandalinayı aldım = I bought the mandarin / that mandarin

Şimdi means now.

• mutfak şimdi çok güzel kokuyor = the kitchen now smells very nice

It shows a present result of the earlier action:

• I bought fruit from the market,
• and now the kitchen smells nice.

In Turkish, şimdi can often move around in the sentence without changing the core meaning very much:

• Mutfak şimdi çok güzel kokuyor
• Şimdi mutfak çok güzel kokuyor

Both are natural.

Kokuyor is the present continuous form, often used in Turkish for something happening right now.

It comes from:

• kokmak = to smell
• kokuyor = it is smelling / it smells

In this sentence, kokuyor fits well because the speaker is describing the kitchen’s current condition right now.

• Mutfak çok güzel kokuyor = The kitchen smells very nice

A form like kokar usually gives a more general or habitual meaning:

• Bu çiçek güzel kokar = This flower smells nice / This flower has a nice scent

Turkish word order is flexible, but the neutral order is often Subject + time/extras + verb.

So:

• mutfak şimdi çok güzel kokuyor = the kitchen now smells very nice

This is a very natural order. Turkish usually puts the verb at the end, so kokuyor comes last.

You could rearrange parts for emphasis:

• Şimdi mutfak çok güzel kokuyor
• Çok güzel kokuyor mutfak (more marked, more literary or emphatic)

But the original order is the most straightforward.

Literally, yes:

• çok = very
• güzel = beautiful / nice / pleasant

But with smell, güzel usually means nice, pleasant, or good.

So:

• çok güzel kokuyor = smells very nice

This is a very common Turkish way to describe a pleasant smell.

The semicolon connects two closely related clauses:

• Pazardan kayısı ve mandalina aldım
• mutfak şimdi çok güzel kokuyor

The second idea is a result of the first one. In English, you might also see:

• a semicolon
• a period
• and
• so

In Turkish writing, the semicolon here is perfectly natural, but a comma or period could also appear depending on style.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• kayısı → kah-yuh-suh
• mandalina → mahn-dah-LEE-nah
• kokuyor → ko-KOO-yor

A few helpful sound notes:

• ı is the Turkish vowel that has no exact English equivalent. It is a back, unrounded vowel, somewhat like a relaxed vowel in sofa, but not exactly the same.
• ş = sh
• c in Turkish sounds like English j, though there is no c in this sentence.
• Turkish pronunciation is usually regular and predictable from spelling.

Yes, pazar can mean both market and Sunday.

You know it means market here because of the context and the ending:

• Pazardan ... aldım = I bought ... from the market

That makes perfect sense with shopping. If it meant Sunday, the sentence would sound odd: I bought apricots and mandarins from Sunday.

So context tells you which meaning is intended.